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Total 1410 results found since Jan 2013.

Cytoplasmic p21 is responsible for paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer A2780 cells.
CONCLUSION: Cytoplasmic p21 may represent a potential therapeutic target for ovarian tumors that are resistant to PTX treatment. PMID: 26775347 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology - January 21, 2016 Category: OBGYN Tags: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol Source Type: research

β‑catenin signaling pathway regulates cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating Bcl‑xl.
Authors: Zhang J, Liu J, Li H, Wang J Abstract The Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway has been reported to regulate cisplatin resistance in several types of cancer cell. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Wild‑type and cisplatin‑resistant A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549/WT and A549/CDDP, respectively) were cultured in vitro and exposed to different cisplatin concentrations. Cells were incubated with 10 mM lithium chloride (LiCl) to activate β‑catenin signaling. Cell prolifera...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - February 12, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Med Rep Source Type: research

l-carnitine protects human hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced toxicity through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Abstract In our previous study, l-carnitine was shown to have cytoprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in human normal HL7702 hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the protective effect of l-carnitine was associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Our results showed that pretreatment with l-carnitine augmented Nrf2 nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in H2O2-treated HL7702 cells, although l-carnitine treatment alone had no effect on them. Analysis using Nrf2 siRNA demonstr...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - February 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li J, Zhang Y, Luan H, Chen X, Han Y, Wang C Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Restoration of Nrf2 Signaling Normalizes the Regenerative Niche
We report that chronic hyperglycemia weakens the endogenous antioxidant response, and the consequences of this defect are manifested by intracellular redox dysregulation, which can be restored by Keap1 inhibition. Targeted siRNA-based therapy represents a novel, efficacious strategy to reestablish redox homeostasis and accelerate diabetic cutaneous tissue regeneration.
Source: Diabetes - February 23, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Soares, M. A.; Cohen, O. D.; Low, Y. C.; Sartor, R. A.; Ellison, T.; Anil, U.; Anzai, L.; Chang, J. B.; Saadeh, P. B.; Rabbani, P. S.; Ceradini, D. J. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Punicalagin attenuates palmitate‐induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells by activating the Keap1‐Nrf2 antioxidant defense system
Conclusions: These findings suggest that punicalagin could effectively attenuate FFA‐induced lipotoxicity by activating Keap1‐Nrf2 cytoprotective signaling pathway.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Nahrung / Food - March 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Chunhong Yan, Wenyan Sun, Xun Wang, Jiangang Long, Xuebo Liu, Zhihui Feng, Jiankang Liu Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Pterostilbene Inhibits the Growth of Human Esophageal Cancer Cells by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate that PTE is a potent anti-cancer pharmaceutical against human esophageal cancer, and the possible mechanism involves the activation of ERS signaling pathways.Cell Physiol Biochem 2016;38:1226-1244
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - March 16, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Lycopene inhibits ICAM-1 expression and NF-κB activation by Nrf2-regulated cell redox state in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Publication date: Available online 4 May 2016 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Po-Min Yang, Zhi-Zhen Wu, Yu-Qi Zhang, Being-Sun Wung Aims Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common diseases leading to blindness in elderly people. The progression of AMD may be prevented through anti-inflammation and antioxidation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Lycopene, a carotenoid, has been shown to possess both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This research was conducted to detail the mechanisms of these effects of lycopene-treated RPE cells. Main methods We exposed ARPE-19 cells to ...
Source: Life Sciences - May 4, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase c-Cbl Inhibits Microglia-Mediated CNS Inflammation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway.
CONCLUSION: In sum, c-Cbl inhibits expression of LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in microglia. We demonstrate an unprecedented role for c-Cbl in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation involving PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. PMID: 27156691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - May 8, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dong L, Li YZ, An HT, Wang YL, Chen SH, Qian YJ, Wang K, Zhen JL, Fan Z, Gong XL, Zheng Y, Wang XM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

JNK Activation Contributes to Oxidative Stress-Induced Parthanatos in Glioma Cells via Increase of Intracellular ROS Production
In this study, we used glioma cell lines and H2O2 to investigate the role of JNK in glioma cell parthanatos induced by oxidative stress. We found that exposure to H2O2 not only induced intracellular accumulation of ROS but also resulted in glioma cell death in a concentration- and incubation time-dependent manner, which was accompanied with cytoplasmic formation of PAR polymer, expressional upregulation of PARP-1, mitochondrial depolarization, and AIF translocation to nucleus. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 with 3AB or genetic knockdown of its level with siRNA rescued glioma cell death, as well as suppressed cytoplas...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Protective effects of marein on high glucose-induced glucose metabolic disorder in HepG2 cells
Conclusions Consequently, marein improved insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein could be a promising leading compound for the development of hypoglycemic agent or developed as an adjuvant drug for diabetes mellitus. Graphical abstract
Source: Phytomedicine - May 18, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

GSE81727 Cordycepin induces apoptosis by caveolin-1 mediated JNK’s regulation of Foxo3a in lung cancer A549 cells
Contributors : Jung M Kim ; Ik-Soon JangSeries Type : Expression profiling by arrayOrganism : Homo sapiensc-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer cell apoptosis. Previous studies have revealed that forkhead transcription factor (Foxo3a) is a critical effector of JNK-mediated tumor suppression. However, it is not clear whether caveolin-1 (CAV1) mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway is involved in cancer cell apoptosis. We found that cordycepin upregulates CAV1 expression, which was accompanied by JNK phosphorylation (p-JNK), which induced Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, resulting in the u...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - May 24, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by array Homo sapiens Source Type: research

Hsc70 facilitates TGF-β-induced activation of Smad2/3 in fibroblastic NRK-49F cells.
In this study, we found that TGF-β-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 were suppressed in fibroblastic NRK-49F cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for Hsc70. In the cells underexpressing Hsc70, transcriptional induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a target gene of the TGF-β signaling, was also suppressed in the early phase of TGF-β stimulation. Upon stimulation with TGF-β, Hsc70 interacted with Smad2/3, suggesting functional interactions of Hsc70 and Smad2/3 for the activation of TGF-β-induced Smad signaling. Although the expression of heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) ...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 15, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ikezaki M, Higashimoto N, Matsumura K, Ihara Y Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Phosphatidylcholine passes through lateral tight junctions for paracellular transport to the apical side of the polarized intestinal tumor cell-line CaCo2
Publication date: September 2016 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Volume 1861, Issue 9, Part A Author(s): Wolfgang Stremmel, Simone Staffer, Hongying Gan-Schreier, Andreas Wannhoff, Margund Bach, Annika Gauss Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in intestinal mucus, indicative of a specific transport system across the mucosal epithelium to the intestinal lumen. To elucidate this transport mechanism, we employed a transwell tissue culture system with polarized CaCo2 cells. It was shown that PC could not substantially be internalized by the cells...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids - July 18, 2016 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine enhances the phagocytic ability of macrophages through the AMP-activated protein kinase/p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway.
Abstract A previous study showed that stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (sLPC) suppressed extracellular high mobility group box 1 translocation in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In the present study, we investigated whether sLPC-induced AMPK activation could enhance macrophages phagocytosis of bacteria. We found that sLPC increased phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a downstream target of AMPK, in a time- and dose-dependent manner in macrophages. Furthermore, sLPC increased the uptake of FITC-conjugated Escherichia coli by macr...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - August 8, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Quan H, Hur YH, Xin C, Kim JM, Choi JI, Kim MY, Bae HB Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

RGS2 modulates the activity and internalization of dopamine D2 receptors in neuroblastoma N2A cells.
Abstract Dysregulated expression and function of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are implicated in drug addiction, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. In the current study, we examined whether D2Rs are modulated by regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2), a member of the RGS family that regulates G protein signaling via acceleration of GTPase activity. Using neuroblastoma 2a (N2A) cells, we found that RGS2 was immunoprecipitated by aluminum fluoride-activated Gαi2 proteins. RGS2 siRNA knockdown enhanced membrane [(35)S] GTPγS binding to activated Gαi/o proteins, augmented inhibition of cAMP accumulation and i...
Source: Neuropharmacology - August 11, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Luessen DJ, Hinshaw TP, Sun H, Howlett AC, Marrs G, McCool BA, Chen R Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research