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Source: Experimental Cell Research

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Total 221 results found since Jan 2013.

The reversal of paraquat-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by cycloartenyl ferulate, the important role of Nrf2 pathway.
In this study, we demonstrate the protective effects of Cycloartenyl ferulate (CF) against Paraquat (PQ)-induced cytotoxicity and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results show that, CF could reverse the PQ-induced growth inhibition and release of lactate dehydrogenase in HK-2 human proximal tubular cells. Treatment with PQ induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells, as evidenced by accumulation of sub-G1 cell population, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and translocation of phosphatidylserine, which were significantly attenuated by co-incubation with CF. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway contributed ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - August 13, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Hong GL, Liu JM, Zhao GJ, Wang L, Liang G, Wu B, Li MF, Qiu QM, Lu ZQ Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Nrf2 Modulates Contractile and Metabolic Properties of Skeletal Muscle in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Atrophy.
Abstract The role of Nrf2 in disease prevention and treatment is well documented, however the specific role of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle is not well described. The current study investigated whether Nrf2 plays a protective role in an STZ-induced model of skeletal muscle atrophy. Modulation of Nrf2 through siRNA resulted in a more robust differentiation of C2C12s, whereas increasing Nrf2 with sulforaphane treatment inhibited differentiation. Diabetic muscle atrophy was not dramatically influenced by Nrf2 genotype, since no differences were observed in total atrophy (all fiber types combined) between WT+STZ and KO+STZ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - July 26, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Whitman SA, Long M, Wondrak G, Zheng H, Zhang DD Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) Plays a Role in the Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) in Breast Cancer Cells.
Abstract Breast cancer progression is associated with loss of estrogen receptor(ER-α), often due to epigenetic silencing. IGFBP genes have consistently been identified among the most common to be aberrantly methylated in tumours. To understand the impact of losing IGFBP-3 tumour expression via DNA methylation, we treated four breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231) with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine(AZA) to determine IGFBP-3's role in the effects of AZA on total cell number and survival relative to changes in the ER. AZA induced cell growth inhibition, death and a...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - June 26, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Zeng L, Jarrett C, Brown K, Gillespie KM, Holly JM, Perks CM Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Parathyroid hormone-related protein regulates integrin α6 and β4 levels via transcriptional and post-translational pathways.
We report that PTHrP regulates α6 and β4 levels via a transcriptional pathway; β4 regulation involves the NF-κB pathway. PTHrP also regulates β4 levels at the post-translational level. PTHrP inhibits caspase-3 and -7 activities. Post-translational regulation of β4 by PTHrP is mediated via attenuation of its proteolytic cleavage by these caspases. Since α6 dimerizes with β4, increased β4 levels result in elevated α6 levels. Suppressing β4 using siRNA attenuates the effect of caspase inhibition on apoptosis and cell migration. These results provide evidence of a link between PTHrP, integrin α6β4 levels as a func...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - May 24, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bhatia V, Mula RV, Falzon M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Enhanced apoptotic effects by downregulating Mcl-1: Evidence for the improvement of photodynamic therapy with Celecoxib.
Abstract Tumor cells exposed to sub-lethal photodynamic therapy (PDT) cause cellular rescue responses that lead to resistance to the therapy, including expression of angiogenic factors and survival molecules. However, the mechanisms contributing to the resistance are yet to be fully understood. Here, we show for the first time that Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic protein, plays an important role in protecting cells from PDT-induced apoptosis. In contrast to the reduction in the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, sub-lethal PDT induces an increase in Mcl-1 expression. Silencing Mcl-1 sensitizes tumor cells to PDT-i...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - May 24, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Song J, Chen Q, Xing D Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Polyamine and methionine adenosyltransferase 2A crosstalk in human colon and liver cancer.
In conclusion, there is a crosstalk between polyamines and MAT2A. Increased MAT2A expression provides more SAMe for polyamines biosynthesis; increased polyamine (putrescine in this case) can activate MAT2A at the transcriptional level. This along with increased ODC expression in cancer all feed forward to further enhance the proliferative capacity of the cancer cell. PMID: 23588207 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - April 12, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Tomasi ML, Ryoo M, Skay A, Tomasi I, Giordano P, Mato JM, Lu SC Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

miR-29b suppresses CML cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via regulation of BCR/ABL1 protein.
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally and are critical for many cellular pathways. Recent evidence has shown that aberrant miRNA expression profiles and unique miRNA signaling pathways are present in many cancers. Here, we demonstrate that miR-29b is markedly lower expressed in CML patient samples. Bioinformatics analysis reveal a conserved target site for miR-29b in the 3'- untranslated region (UTR) of ABL1. miR-29b significantly suppresses the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the ABL1-3'UTR and this activity is not observed in cells transfected...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - February 18, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Li Y, Wang H, Tao K, Xiao Q, Huang Z, Zhong L, Cao W, Wen J, Feng W Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Critical role of TXNIP in oxidative stress, DNA damage and retinal pericyte apoptosis under high glucose: Implications for diabetic retinopathy.
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by early loss of retinal capillary pericytes and microvascular dysfunction. We recently showed that pro-oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly up-regulated in rat retinas in experimental diabetes and mediates inflammation and apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesize here that TXNIP up-regulation in pericyte plays a causative role in oxidative stress and apoptosis under sustained high glucose exposure in culture. We maintained a rat retinal capillary pericyte cell line (TR-rPCT1) for 5 days under low glucose (LG, 5....
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 24, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Devi TS, Hosoya KI, Terasaki T, Singh LP Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Apolipoprotein E inhibits osteoclast differentiation via regulation of c-Fos, NFATc1 and NF-κB.
Abstract Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in the transport and metabolism of lipid. Other functions of ApoE include modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The expression of ApoE in osteoblasts and its relevance with bone formation have also been reported. However, the effect of ApoE on osteoclasts has not yet been examined. Here, we investigated the role of ApoE in osteoclast differentiation using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells. We found a down-regulation of ApoE gene expression during osteoclastic differentiation of those cells. Overexpression of ApoE in BMMs and ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - December 12, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim WS, Kim HJ, Lee ZH, Lee Y, Kim HH Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Protein kinase B/Akt1 inhibits autophagy by down-regulating UVRAG expression.
Abstract Autophagy, or autophagocytosis, is a selective intracellular degradative process involving the cell's own lysosomal apparatus. An essential component in cell development, homeostasis, repair and resistance to stress, autophagy may result in either cell death or survival. The targeted region of the cell is sequestered within a membrane structure, the autophagosome, for regulation of the catabolic process. A key factor in both autophagosome formation and autophagosome maturation is a protein encoded by the ultraviolet irradiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG). Conversely, the serine/threonine-specific ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 30, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Yang W, Ju JH, Lee KM, Nam K, Oh S, Shin I Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

The role of drebrin in glioma migration and invasion.
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current advances in therapy consisting of surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation, the overall survival rate still remains poor. Therapeutic failures are partly attributable to the highly infiltrative nature of tumor adjacent to normal brain parenchyma. Recently, evidence is mounting to suggest that actin cytoskeleton dynamics are critical components of the cell invasion process. Drebrin is an actin-binding protein involved in the regulation of actin filament organization, and plays a significant role in cell motility; how...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 29, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Terakawa Y, Agnihotri S, Golbourn B, Nadi M, Sabha N, Smith CA, Croul SE, Rutka JT Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research