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Source: Experimental Cell Research

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Total 221 results found since Jan 2013.

Myotube formation is affected by adipogenic lineage cells in a cell-to-cell contact-independent manner.
Abstract Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) formation is observed in some pathological conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and sarcopenia. Several studies have suggested that IMAT formation is not only negatively correlated with skeletal muscle mass but also causes decreased muscle contraction in sarcopenia. In the present study, we examined whether adipocytes affect myogenesis. For this purpose, skeletal muscle progenitor cells were transfected with siRNA of PPARγ (siPPARγ) in an attempt to inhibit adipogenesis. Myosin heavy chain (MHC)-positive myotube formation was promoted in cells transfec...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - April 8, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Takegahara Y, Yamanouchi K, Nakamura K, Nakano SI, Nishihara M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Regulation of MDA-MB231 cell proliferation by GSK-3β involves epigenetic modifications under high glucose conditions.
Abstract Hyperglycemia is a critical risk factor for development and progression of breast cancer. We have recently reported that high glucose induces phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser 10 as well as de-phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser 9 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Here, we elucidate the mechanism underlying hyperglycemia-induced proliferation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We provide evidence that hyperglycemia led to increased DNA methylation and DNMT1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. High glucose condition led to significant increase in the expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and decrease in the expression of PTPN 12,...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - April 1, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Gupta C, Kaur J, Tikoo K Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Nfat2 regulates cox-2 expression and modulates the integrin repertoire in endothelial cells at the crossroads of angiogenesis and inflammation.
NFAT2 REGULATES COX-2 EXPRESSION AND MODULATES THE INTEGRIN REPERTOIRE IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AT THE CROSSROADS OF ANGIOGENESIS AND INFLAMMATION. Exp Cell Res. 2014 Mar 18; Authors: Mena MP, Papiewska-Pajak I, Przygodzka P, Kozaczuk A, Boncela J, Cierniewski CS Abstract The mechanisms controlling the switch between the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory states of endothelial cells are still poorly understood. In this paper, we show that: (a) COX-2 expression induced by VEGF-A is NFAT2-dependent; and (b) the integrin profile in endothelial cells induced by the pro-angiogenic VEGF-A is distinct from that brou...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 18, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Mena MP, Papiewska-Pajak I, Przygodzka P, Kozaczuk A, Boncela J, Cierniewski CS Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Effect of simvastatin on the resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a non-small cell lung cancer with the T790M mutation of EGFR.
This study investigated overcoming resistance to EGFR-TKI using simvastatin. We demonstrated that addition of simvastatin to gefitinib enhanced caspase-dependent apoptosis in T790M mutant NSCLC cells. Simvastatin also strongly inhibited AKT activation, leading to suppression of β-catenin activity and the expression of its targets, survivin and cyclin D1. Both insulin treatment and AKT overexpression markedly increased p-β-catenin and survivin levels, even in the presence of gefitinib and simvastatin. However, inhibition of AKT by siRNA or LY294002 treatment decreased p-β-catenin and survivin levels. To determine the rol...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 12, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Hwang KE, Kwon SJ, Kim YS, Park DS, Kim BR, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Molecular mechanism of 2-APB-induced Ca(2+) influx in external acidification in PC12.
In this study, to identify the possible target for the action of 2-APB we examined the pharmacological and molecular properties of [Ca(2+)]i and secretory responses to 2-APB under extracellular low pH conditions. 2-APB dose-dependently induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase and dopamine release, which were greatly enhanced by the external acidification (pH 6.5). [Ca(2+)]i and secretory responses to 2-APB at pH 6.5 were inhibited by the removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and SOC channel blockers such as SK&F96365, La(3+) and Gd(3+). PC12 expressed all SOC channel molecules, Orai 1, Orai 2 and Orai 3. When we used an siRNA system, do...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Takahashi K, Yokota M, Ohta T Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Roles of mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species in mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial insulin resistance.
CONCLUSIONS: A mutual enhancement between DRP1 and ROS could promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of insulin signal transduction. However, other mechanisms, including lipid metabolite-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, may be involved in palmitate-induced insulin resistance. PMID: 24631294 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Watanabe T, Saotome M, Nobuhara M, Sakamoto A, Urushida T, Katoh H, Satoh H, Funaki M, Hayashi H Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 is activated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease-28-regulated proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells.
In this study, we show that interleukin (IL)-1β induces the expression of MMP-13 and ADAM-28 in homogeneous α7 integrin-positive human skeletal muscle stem cell (α7(+)hSMSC)-derived osteoblast-like (α7(+)hSMSC-OB) cells, and promotes proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis in these cells. At higher concentrations, however, IL-1β failed to induce the expression of these genes and caused an increase in apoptosis. We further employed ADAM-28 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to investigate whether IL-1β-induced MMP-13 expression is linked to this IL-1β-mediated changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Silencing ADAM-2...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - March 5, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Ozeki N, Kawai R, Yamaguchi H, Hiyama T, Kinoshita K, Hase N, Nakata K, Kondo A, Mogi M, Nakamura H Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

miR-125b/Ets1 axis regulates transdifferentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells in a high-phosphate environment.
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that down-regulation of miR-125b after β-glycerophosphoric acid treatment facilitates VSMCs transdifferentiation and calcification through targeting Ets1. PMID: 24486760 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 30, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Wen P, Cao H, Fang L, Ye H, Zhou Y, Jiang L, Su W, Xu H, He W, Dai C, Yang J Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Dicoumarol sensitizes renal cell carcinoma Caki cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and c-FLIP in a NQO1-independent manner.
Abstract In the study, we investigated the effect of dicoumarol, an anti-coagulant agent with the inhibitory activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in renal cancer cell. Combined treatment with dicoumarol and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in various human renal carcinoma cells including Caki, ACHN, and A498, but not in normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and mouse kidney cells (TMCK-1). When we elucidated the relevance of NQO1 in dicoumarol plus TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, both ES936 (a NQO1 inhibitor) and knockdown of NQO1 with siRNA had no effect on TRAIL-mediated a...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 22, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Park EJ, Min KJ, Sook Choi K, Kwon TK Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Src mediates ERK reactivation in gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.
In conclusion, our results indicate that Src-mediated ERK reactivation may play a role in a novel gefitinib resistance mechanism, and that the combined use of gefitinib with a Src inhibitor may be a potent strategy to overcome this resistance. PMID: 24440771 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - January 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Ochi N, Takigawa N, Harada D, Yasugi M, Ichihara E, Hotta K, Tabata M, Tanimoto M, Kiura K Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Human TREX2 components PCID2 and Centrin 2, but not ENY2, have distinct functions in protein export and co-localize to the centrosome.
In this study, we found that human TREX-2 member PCID2 but not ENY2 is involved in some of the same cellular processes as centrin 2 apart from classical TREX-2 function. PCID2 is present at the centrosome in a subset of HeLa cells and this localization was centrin 2 dependent. Furthermore, the presence of PCID2 at the centrosome is prevalent throughout the cell cycle as determined by co-staining with cyclins E, A and B. PCID2 but not ENY2 is also involved in protein export. Surprisingly, siRNA knockdown of PCID2 delayed the rate of nuclear protein export, a mechanism distinct from the effects of centrin 2, which when knock...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 28, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Cunningham CN, Schmidt CA, Schramm NJ, Gaylord MR, Resendes KK Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Role of the EphB2 receptor in autophagy, apoptosis and invasion in human breast cancer cells.
Abstract The Eph and Ephrin proteins, which constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, are involved in normal tissue development and cancer progression. Here, we examined the expression and role of the B-type Eph receptor EphB2 in breast cancers. By immunohistochemistry using a progression tissue microarray of human clinical samples, we found EphB2 to be expressed in benign tissues, but strongly increased in cancers particularly in invasive and metastatic carcinomas. Subsequently, we found evidence that EphB2, whose expression varies in established cell breast lines, possesses multiple functions. ...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 6, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Chukkapalli S, Amessou M, Kumar Dilly A, Dekhil H, Zhao J, Liu Q, Bejna A, Thomas RD, Bandyopadhyay S, Bismar TA, Neill D, Azoulay L, Batist G, Kandouz M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Osteosarcoma cells promote the production of pro-tumor cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting their osteogenic differentiation through the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway.
Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most important components of the osteosarcoma microenvironment and are reported to promote tumor progression. However, the means by which osteosarcoma cells modulate MSC behavior remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of osteosarcoma cells on both the production of pro-tumor cytokines by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. High level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was detected in three osteosarcoma cell lines. Conditioned media (CM) from the osteosarcoma cell lines Saos-2 and U2-OS wer...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - October 30, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Tu B, Peng ZX, Fan QM, Du L, Yan W, Tang TT Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

High glucose increases glomerular filtration barrier permeability by activating protein kinase G type Iα subunits in a Nox4-dependent manner.
Abstract Hyperglycemia is a primary factor that disturbs podocyte function in the glomerular filtration process; this disturbance leads to the development of diabetic nephropathy, and ultimately, renal failure. Podocyte function may also be altered by biological agents that modify protein kinase activity, including the cGMP-activated protein kinase type Iα (PKGIα). We hypothesized that hyperglycemia-induced podocyte protein hyperpermeability was dependent on PKGIα activation, and that PKGIα was activated via dimerization induced by reactive oxygen species. This hypothesis was investigated in rat podocytes cult...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 13, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Angielski S, Jankowski M Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Knockdown of dual specificity phosphatase 4 enhances the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells to doxorubicin.
CONCLUSIONS: DUSP4 might represent a potential drug target for inhibiting drug resistance and regulating the process of the EMT during the treatment of breast cancer. PMID: 24012960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Cell Research - September 3, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Liu Y, Du F, Chen W, Yao M, Lv K, Fu P Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research