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Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...

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Total 155 results found since Jan 2013.

LRG1 facilitates corneal fibrotic response by inducing neutrophil chemotaxis via Stat3 signaling in alkali-burned mouse corneas
In conclusion, LRG1 promotes the corneal fibrotic response by stimulating neutrophils infiltration via the modulation of the IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway. Therefore, LRG1 could be targeted as a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with corneal fibrosis.PMID:34260299 | DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00517.2020
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - July 14, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Bingjie Yu Lingling Yang Shan Song Weina Li Huifeng Wang Jun Cheng Source Type: research

Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Induces Claudin-3 Upregulation in Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells through NFκB and CREB1.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Claudin-3 Upregulation in Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells through NFκB and CREB1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021 Jan 13;: Authors: Anwer S, Branchard E, Dan Q, Dan A, Szaszi K Abstract Claudins are essential for tight junction formation and paracellular transport, and affect key cellular events including proliferation and migration. The properties of tight junctions are dynamically modulated by a variety of inputs. We previously showed that the inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα), a major pathogenic factor in kidney disease, alters epithelial perme...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 13, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Anwer S, Branchard E, Dan Q, Dan A, Szaszi K Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Extracellular BMP1 is the major proteinase for C-terminal proteolysis of type I procollagen in lung fibroblasts.
In this study, using postnatal lung fibroblasts as a model system, we showed that genetic ablation of Bmp1 in primary murine lung fibroblasts abrogated C-terminal cleavage from type I procollagen as measured by C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (CICP) production. We also showed that inhibition of BMP1 by siRNA-mediated knockdown or small-molecule inhibitor reduced the vast majority of CICP production and collagen deposition in primary human lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, we discovered and characterized two antibody inhibitors for BMP1. In both postnatal lung fibroblast and organoid cultures, BMP1 blockade prevent...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 18, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: N'Diaye EN, Cook R, Wang H, Wu P, LaCanna R, Wu C, Ye Z, Seshasayee D, Hazen M, Lin W, Tyagi T, Hotzel I, Tam L, Newman R, Roose-Girma M, Wolters PJ, Ding N Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

The β1 integrin plays a key role in lymphatic endothelial cell invasion in an optimized 3D Collagen matrix model.
This study optimized conditions for an in vitro 3D collagen-based model that induced LEC invasion and recapitulated physiological formation of lymphatic capillaries with lumens. Invasion of LECs was enhanced in the presence of Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Effects of various known lymphangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were tested on LEC sprout formation synergistically with VEGF-C. Several of these growth factors significantly enhanced LEC invasion while synergistic effects of some of these fur...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - October 14, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Kumaravel S, Abbey CA, Bayless KJ, Chakraborty S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Hydrogen Sulfide Accumulates LDL Receptor Precursor via Downregulating PCSK9 in HepG2 Cells.
Abstract Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) affects cholesterol homeostasis and liver X receptor α (LXRα) expression. However, whether low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), a key player in cholesterol homeostasis, is regulated by exogenous H2S through LXRα signaling has not been determined. We investigated the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, H2S donor) on LDLR expression in the presence or absence of LXR agonists, T0901317 or GW3965 in HepG2 cells. We found that H2S strongly accumulated LDLR precursor in the presence of T0901317. Hence LDLR transcription and the genes involved in LDLR precursor ma...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 15, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Huang Y, Ning K, Li WW, Lin G, Hou CL, Wang MJ, Zhu YC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction by intermittent hypoxia.
Abstract The role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in pancreatic β-cell response to intermittent hypoxia (IH) was examined. Studies were performed on adult wild type (WT), HIF-1α heterozygous (HET) as well as β-cell specific HIF-1-/- mice and mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells exposed to IH patterned after blood O2 profiles during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). WT mice treated with IH showed insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction manifested as augmented basal insulin secretion, and impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and these effects were absent in HIF-1α HET mice. IH increased ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 15, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang N, Shi XF, Khan SA, Wang B, Semenza GL, Prabhakar NR, Nanduri J Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Extracellular adenosine enhances pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelium cell barrier function via the Gi/ELMO1/Rac1/PKA-dependent signaling mechanisms.
In this study we investigated in more detail the mechanisms linking Gi activation to downstream barrier protection pathways. Using a small interference RNA (siRNA) technique and Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TER) assay, we found that the adaptor protein, ELMO1, the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2, and atypical Gi- and Rac-mediated PKA activation are implicated in VVEC barrier enhancement. In contrast, the actin-interacting GTP-binding protein, girdin and the PAK1 downstream target, LIM kinase, are not involved in this response. In addition, adenosine-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangement involves activation of cofilin a...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - May 19, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Verin AD, Batori R, Kovacs-Kasa A, Cherian-Shaw M, Kumar S, Czikora I, Karoor V, Strassheim D, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

TRIM32 triggers β-catenin signaling through ubiquitylation of Axin1 to promote inflammatory factor-induced apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells.
Abstract The dysregulation of ubiquitin ligase is the cause of many human diseases. Tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose role in nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis is unclear. The expression of TRIM family protein and β-catenin in 40 NP tissue samples were detected by RT-PCR. Interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were used to treat rat NP cells. Knockdown and overexpression of TRIM 32 were achieved using specific siRNA and recombinant plasmids. Western blot, RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to assess the expression of TRIM32/β-catenin and the apoptosis ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 21, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen F, Guo Q, Chen Q, Han Z, Zhou X, Wu L, Guo X, Ni B, Yang J Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Impact of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A on active uptake, volume-sensitive release of taurine and cell fate in human ovarian cancer cells.
Abstract The HDAC inhibitor trichostatine A (TSA) reduces cell viability in cisplatin-sensitive (A2780WT) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780RES) human ovarian cancer cells due to progression of apoptosis (increased caspase 9 activity), autophagy (increased LC3II expression) and cell cycle arrest (increased p21 expression). The TSA-mediated effect on p21 and caspase 9 is mainly p53-independent. Cisplatin increases DNA-damage (histone H2AX phosphorylation) in A2780WT cells, whereas cisplatin, due to reduced uptake (inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry Pt-analysis), has no DNA damaging effect in A2780RES cells. T...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 7, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Lambert IH, Nielsen D, Stürup S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Activation of the PKA Signaling Pathway Stimulates Oxalate Transport by Human Intestinal Caco2-BBE Cells.
Abstract Most kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate, and small increases in urine oxalate enhance the stone risk. The mammalian intestine plays a crucial role in oxalate homeostasis and we had recently reported that Oxalobacter-derived factors stimulate oxalate transport by human intestinal Caco2-BBE (C2) cells through PKA activation. We therefore evaluated whether intestinal oxalate transport is directly regulated by PKA activation. To this end, PKA is activated with forskolin and IBMX (F/I). F/I significantly stimulated (3.7-fold) 14C-oxalate transport by C2 cells (≥ 49% of which is mediated by the oxa...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - December 10, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Arvans D, Alshaikh A, Bashir M, Weber C, Hassan H Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Down-regulation of ATAD2 restrains cancer stem cell properties in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via blockade of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) ranks among the five most common cancers in China, and has a five-year survival rate of less than 15%. The transcription factor ATAD2 has potential as a therapeutic target in various tumors, and microarray-based gene expression profiling reveals dysregulation of ATAD2 specifically in ESCC. Here we investigated whether ATAD2 could mediate a regulation of cancer stem cell (CSC) biological functions in ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assays all revealed up-regulation of ATAD2 in ESCC t...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 19, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Li N, Yu Y, Wang B Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Keratin 18 is an integral part of the intermediate filament network in murine skeletal muscle.
Abstract Intermediate filaments (IFs) contribute to force transmission, cellular integrity and signaling in skeletal muscle. We previously identified keratin 19 (Krt19) as muscle IF protein. We now report the presence of a second type I muscle keratin, Krt18. Krt18 mRNA levels are about half those for Krt19, and only 1:1000th those for desmin; the protein was nevertheless detectable in immunoblots. Muscle function, measured by maximal isometric force in vivo, was moderately compromised in Krt18 knockout (Krt18 KO) or dominant negative mutant mice (Krt18 DN), but structure was unaltered. Exogenous Krt18, introduced...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 12, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Muriel JM, O'Neill A, Kerr JP, Kleinhans-Welte E, Lovering RM, Bloch RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Secreted Wnt6 mediates diabetes-associated centrosome amplification via its receptor FZD4.
In conclusion, our results showed that the pathophysiological factors in type 2 diabetes, including AGEs, were able to induce centrosome amplification. It is suggested that secreted Wnt6 binds to FZD4 to activate the canonical Wnt6 signaling pathway which is upstream of ROCK1 and 14-3-3σ, which is the cell signaling pathway underlying the diabetes-associated centrosome amplification. PMID: 31618077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - October 15, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: He QJ, Wang P, Liu Q, Wu Q, Li YF, Wang J, Lee SC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Novel Interaction of Antioxidant-1 with TRAF4: Role in Inflammatory Responses in Endothelial Cells.
We reported that in proinflammatory cytokine TNFa-stimulated endothelial cells (ECs), cytosolic Cu chaperone Atox1 functions as a Cu-dependent transcription factor for NOX organizer p47phox, thereby increasing ROS-dependent inflammatory gene expression. However, the role and mechanism of Atox1 nuclear translocation in inflamed ECs remain unclear. Using enface staining and nuclear fractionation, here we show that Atox1 was localized in the nucleus in inflamed aortas from ApoE-/- mice with Angiotensin II infusion on a high fat diet, while it was found in cytosol in those from control mice. In cultured human ECs, TNFα stimul...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 24, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Das A, Sudhahar V, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research