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Total 155 results found since Jan 2013.

Caveolin-1 regulates corneal wound healing by modulating Kir4.1 activity.
Abstract The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in corneal epithelium is associated with regeneration potency. We used Cav1(-/-) mice to study the role of Cav1 in modulating corneal wound healing. Western blot and whole cell patch-clamp were employed to study the effect of Cav1 deletion on Kir4.1 current density in corneas. We found that Ba(2+)-sensitive K(+) currents in primary cultured murine corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) from Cav1(-/-) were dramatically reduced (602pA) in comparison to those from WT (1300pA). As a consequence, membrane potential was elevated in pMCE from Cav1(-/-) comparing to that from WT (-43Â...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 26, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang C, Su XT, Bellner L, Lin DH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Differential regulation of muscarinic m2 and m3 receptor signaling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle by caveolin-1.
This study was thus aimed to examine the role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling. RT-PCR, western blot and radioligand binding studies demonstrated the selective expression of m2 and m3 receptors in gastric smooth muscle cells. Carbachol (CCh) stimulated PI hydrolysis, Rho kinase and ZIP kinase activity, and induced phosphorylation of MYPT1 (at Thr696) and MLC20 (at Ser19), and muscle contraction, and inhibited cAMP formation. Stimulation of PI hydrolysis, Rho kinase and ZIP kinase activity, phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC20 and muscle contraction in response to CCh were attenuated by...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 19, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bhattacharya S, Mahavadi S, Al-Shboul O, Rajagopal S, Grider JR, Murthy KS Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

High Potassium Promotes Mutual Interaction between (Pro)Renin Receptor and the Local Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Rat IMCD Cells.
Abstract (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD) with unclear functional implication. It is not known whether CD PRR is regulated by high potassium (HK). Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of HK on PRR expression and its role in regulation of aldosterone synthesis and release in the CD. In primary rat inner medullary CD cells, HK augmented PRR expression and soluble PPR (sPRR) release in a time- and dose- dependent manner, which was attenuated by PRR siRNA, eplerenone, and losartan. HK upregulated aldosterone release in parallel with an increase of CYP11B2 (cytochrome...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 16, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu C, Fang H, Zhou L, Lu A, Yang T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Myoendothelial gap junctions mediate regulation of angiopoietin-2 induced vascular hyporeactivity after hypoxia through connexin 43-gated cAMP transfer.
Abstract Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) contributes to vascular hyporeactivity after hemorrhagic shock and hypoxia through upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in a vascular endothelial cell (VEC)-specific and Ang2/Tie2 receptor-dependent manner. While iNOS is primarily expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the mechanisms of signal transfer from VECs to VSMCs are unknown. A double-sided co-culture model with VECs and VSMCs from Sprague Dawley rats was used to investigate the role of myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs), the connexin (Cx) isoforms involved and other relevant mechanisms. After...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 21, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu J, Yang GM, Li T, Liu LM Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Acute myotube protein synthesis regulation by IL-6-related cytokines.
Abstract IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), members of the IL-6 family of cytokines, play recognized paradoxical roles in skeletal muscle mass regulation, being associated with both growth and atrophy. Overload or muscle contractions can induce a transient increase in muscle IL-6 and LIF expression, which has a regulatory role in muscle hypertrophy. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in this regulation have not been completely identified. The induction of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent myofiber protein synthesis is an established regulator of muscle hypertrophy, but the i...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 1, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Gao S, Durstine JL, Koh HJ, Carver WE, Frizzell N, Carson JA Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protein (Mitofilin) Knockdown Induces Cell Death by Apoptosis Via an AIF-PARP-Dependent Mechanism and Cell Cycle Arrest.
Abstract Mitofilin is an inner membrane protein that has been defined as a mitochondria-shaping protein in controlling and maintaining mitochondrial cristae structure and remodeling. We determined the role of mitofilin in cell survival by investigating the mechanism underlying mitofilin knockdown-induced cell death by apoptosis. Cultured H9c2 myoblasts and HEK 293 cells were treated with mitofilin siRNA or scrambled siRNA for 24 hours. Cell death (apoptosis), caspase 3 activity, and cell cycle phases were assessed by flow cytometry, while cytochrome C release and intracellular ATP production were measured by ELISA...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - February 28, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Madungwe NB, Feng Y, Lie M, Tombo N, Liu L, Kaya F, Bopassa JC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Copper Transporter ATP7A Interacts with IQGAP1, a Rac1 Binding Scaffold Protein: Role in PDGF-induced VSMC Migration and Vascular Remodeling.
Abstract Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration contributes to neointimal formation after vascular injury. We previously demonstrated that copper (Cu) transporter ATP7A is involved in PDGF-induced VSMC migration in Cu- and Rac1-dependent manner. Underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here we show that ATP7A interacts with IQGAP1, a Rac1- and receptor tyrosine kinase-binding scaffold proteins, which mediates PDGF-induced VSMC migration and vascular remodeling. In cultured rat aortic SMCs, PDGF stimulation rapidly promoted ATP7A association with IQGAP1 and Rac1, and their translocation to lipid rafts and leadi...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 26, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Ashino T, Kohno T, Sudhahar V, Ash D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Keratin 18 is an integral part of the intermediate filament network in murine skeletal muscle.
Abstract Intermediate filaments (IFs) contribute to force transmission, cellular integrity and signaling in skeletal muscle. We previously identified keratin 19 (Krt19) as muscle IF protein. We now report the presence of a second type I muscle keratin, Krt18. Krt18 mRNA levels are about half those for Krt19, and only 1:1000th those for desmin; the protein was nevertheless detectable in immunoblots. Muscle function, measured by maximal isometric force in vivo, was moderately compromised in Krt18 knockout (Krt18 KO) or dominant negative mutant mice (Krt18 DN), but structure was unaltered. Exogenous Krt18, introduced...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 12, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Muriel JM, O'Neill A, Kerr JP, Kleinhans-Welte E, Lovering RM, Bloch RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

FXYD3 facilitates Na < sup > + < /sup > and liquid absorption across human airway epithelia by increasing the transport capacity of the Na/K ATPase
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2022 Aug 22. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00047.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNa/K ATPase activity is essential for ion transport across epithelia. FXYD3, a ᵯE; subunit of the Na/K ATPase, is expressed in the airway, but its function remains undetermined. Single cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry revealed that FXYD3 localizes within the basolateral membrane of all airway epithelial cells. To study FXYD3 function, we reduced FXYD3 expression using siRNA. After permeabilizing the apical membrane with nystatin, epithelia pretreated with FXYD3-targeting siRNA had lower ouabain-sensitive sho...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 22, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Camilo Cano Portillo Raul Villacreses Andrew L Thurman Alejandro Antonio Pezzulo Joseph Zabner Ian M Thornell Source Type: research

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studies of cardiac ion transporters.
Abstract Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes (iCell Cardiomyocytes) with ion channel activities that are remarkably similar to adult cardiomyocytes. Here, we extend this characterization to cardiac ion transporters . Additionally, we document facile molecular biological manipulation of iCell Cardiomyocytes to overexpress and knockdown transporters and regulatory proteins. Na/Ca exchange (NCX1) and Na/K pump currents were recorded via patch clamp, and Na/H and Cl/OH exchange were recorded via oscillating proton-selective microelectrodes during patch clamp. ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 26, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Fine M, Lu FM, Lin MJ, Moe OW, Wang HR, Hilgemann DW Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Requirement for Active Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in TGFβ1 Up-regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CCN2/CTGF) Levels in Human Gingival Fibroblasts.
Abstract Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CCN2/CTGF) mediates TGFβ induced fibrosis. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is tissue specific. Here the role of the phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway in mediating TGFβ1 stimulated CCN2/CTGF expression in primary human adult gingival fibroblasts and human adult lung fibroblasts was compared. Data indicate that PI3K inhibitors attenuate up-regulation of TGFβ1-induced CCN2/CTGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts independent of reducing JNK MAP kinase activation. Pharmacologic inhibitors and siRNA mediated knockdown studies indicate that calcium-dependent isofo...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - July 3, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Bahammam M, Black SA, Sume SS, Assaggaf MA, Faibish M, Trackman PC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research