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Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...

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Total 155 results found since Jan 2013.

A Novel Anti-inflammatory Role of GPR120 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.
Abstract GPR120 (free fatty acid receptor 4, FFAR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor for medium and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FA) including ω-3 FA. Recent studies have shown GPR120 to play cardinal roles in metabolic disorders via modulation of gut hormone secretion and insulin sensitivity and to exert anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and adipose tissues. However, information on anti-inflammatory role of GPR120 at the level of intestinal epithelium is very limited. Current studies demonstrated differential levels of GPR120 mRNA and protein along the length of the human, mouse and rat intestine an...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 20, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Anbazhagan AN, Priyamvada S, Gujral T, Bhattacharyya S, Alrefai WA, Dudeja PK, Borthakur A Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Protein kinase A stimulates Kv7.1 surface expression by regulating Nedd4-2-dependent endocytic trafficking.
Abstract The potassium channel Kv7.1 plays critical physiological roles in both heart and epithelial tissues. In heart, Kv7.1 and the accessory subunit KCNE1 forms the IKs current, which is enhanced by PKA mediated phosphorylation. The observed current increase requires both phosphorylation of Kv7.1 and the presence of KCNE1. However, PKA also stimulates Kv7.1 currents in epithelial tissues, such as colon, where the channel does not co-assemble with KCNE1. Here, we demonstrate that PKA activity significantly impacts the subcellular localization of Kv7.1 in Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells. While PKA inhibition redu...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 24, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Andersen MN, Hefting LL, Steffensen AB, Schmitt N, Olesen SP, Olsen JV, Lundby A, Rasmussen HB Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Amelioration of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Hepatic Stimulator Substance via Preservation of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase-1 Activity.
In conclusion, HSS reduces lipotoxicity to mitochondria most likely via preservation of CPT-1. PMID: 26108664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 24, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Xiao W, Ren M, Zhang C, Li S, An W Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Defining the roles of arrestin2 and arrestin3 in vasoconstrictor receptor desensitization in hypertension.
In conclusion, arrestin2 and 3 expression is elevated in resistance arteries during the emergence of the early hypertensive phenotype, which underlies an enhanced ability to desensitize vasoconstrictor signalling and vessel contraction. Such regulatory changes may act to compensate for increased vasoconstrictor-induced vessel contraction. PMID: 25972452 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - May 13, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Willets JM, Nash CA, Rainbow RD, Nelson CP, Challiss RJ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

PPARα inhibition modulates multiple reprogrammed metabolic pathways in kidney cancer and attenuates tumor growth.
Abstract Kidney cancer (RCC) is the 6(th) most common cancer in the US and its incidence is increasing. The current progression-free survival for patients with advanced RCC rarely extends beyond 1-2 years due to the development of therapeutic resistance. We previously identified PPARα as a potential therapeutic target for this disease and showed that a specific PPARα antagonist, GW6471, induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in RCC cell lines associated with attenuation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. We now extend that work and show that PPARα inhibition attenuates components of RCC metabolic...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Abu Aboud O, Donohoe D, Bultman S, Fitch M, Riiff T, Hellerstein M, Weiss RH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Combined with Sodium Ferrous Citrate Ameliorates H2O2-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via Activating the MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.
In conclusion, our data suggest that 5-ALA and SFC protect HL-1 cells from H2O2-induced cardiac hypertrophy via activating MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PMID: 25652453 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - February 4, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhao M, Guo H, Chen J, Wang J, Huang H, Zheng S, Hei M, Li J, Huang S, Li J, Ma XT, Chen Y, Zhao L, Zhuang J, Zhu P Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Chronic and selective inhibition of basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates brush border membrane Na absorption in intestinal epithelial cells.
Conclusions:Chronic and direct silencing of basolateral Na-K-ATPase uniquely regulates BBM Na absorptive pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Specifically, while BBM NHE3 is unaffected, SGLT1 is stimulated secondary to enhanced affinity of the co-transporter. PMID: 25652450 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - February 4, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Manoharan P, Gayam S, Arthur S, Palaniappan B, Singh S, Dick G, Sundaram U Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Inhibition of RhoA-Dependent pathway and Contraction by Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in Rabbit Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells.
Abstract Inhibitory neurotransmitters, chiefly nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, increase cyclic nucleotide levels and inhibit muscle contraction via inhibition of MLC kinase and activation of MLC phosphatase. H2S produced as an endogenous signalling molecule synthesized mainly from L-cysteine via cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) regulate muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of CSE and H2S function in the regulation of MLCP activity, MLC20 phosphorylation and contraction in isolated gastric smooth muscle cells. Both mRNA and protein e...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 7, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Nalli AD, Rajagopal S, Mahavadi S, Grider JR, Murthy KS Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Disruption of NHE8 Expression Impairs Leydig cell function in the testes.
Abstract Multiple sodium/hydrogen exchanger (NHE) isoforms are expressed in the testes, and they play various roles in cell volume regulation, intracellular pH regulation, and fluid absorption. NHE8, the most recently characterized NHE family member, is detected in the cytosol of human and mouse Leydig cells in great abundance by immunohistochemistry in the current study. Male mice lacking NHE8 expression were infertile. Despite having intact male reproductive organs, male NHE8-/- mice have smaller testes, and lacked spermatozoon in the seminiferous tubules and the epididymis. At age of 39 weeks, few spermogonia w...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - December 3, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu H, Chen H, Li J, Zhao Y, Ghishan FK Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Kcnj10 is a major type of K+ channel in mouse corneal epithelial cells and plays a role in initiating EGFR signaling.
Abstract We used primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) to examine the role of Kcnj10 in determining membrane K(+) conductance and cell membrane potential, and in regulating EGF/TGFA release. Western blot, immunostaining and RT-PCR detected the expression of Kcnj10 in mouse cornea. The single channel recording identified the 20 pS inwardly rectifying K(+) channels in pMCE of WT mice but these channels were absent in Kcnj10(-/-). Moreover, the whole cell recording demonstrates that deletion of Kcnj10 largely abolished the inward K(+) currents and depolarized the cell membrane K(+) reversal potential (an inde...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 6, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang L, Zhang C, Su X, Lin D Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

ERp29 Regulates Epithelial Sodium Channel Functional Expression by Promoting Channel Cleavage.
Abstract The Epithelial Na(+) Channel (ENaC) plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure and airway surface liquid volume. ERp29 is a thioredoxin-homologous endoplasmic reticulum protein of 29 kD that has only a single Cysteine instead of the usual thioredoxin C-X-X-C motif. Our group has previously demonstrated that ERp29 promotes biogenesis of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Based on similarities of CFTR and ENaC trafficking, we hypothesized that ERp29 would also regulate ENaC biogenesis and functional expression. In epithelial cells, overexpression of wt ERp29 increased ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 18, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Grumbach Y, Bikard Y, Suaud L, Chanoux RA, Rubenstein RC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Specific Inhibition of HDAC4 in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Enhances Myocardial Repairs.
Abstract We have recently shown that in vivo inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) stimulates endogenous myocardial regeneration in infarcted hearts. Furthermore, our observation demonstrates that HDAC inhibition promotes cardiogenesis, which is associated with HDAC4 reduction. However, it remains unknown as to whether specific inhibition of HDAC4 modulates cardiac stem cells (CSCs) to facilitate myocardial repair and to preserve cardiac performance. c-kit(+)CSCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and were transfected with HDAC4siRNA to knockdown HDAC4 of c-kit(+)CSCs. The transfection of HDAC4siRNA caused a...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 18, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang LX, DeNicola M, Qin X, Du J, Ma J, Zhao TY, Zhuang S, Liu PY, Wei L, Qin G, Tang Y, Zhao TC Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Flow Shear Stress Enhances Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
In conclusion, upregulated mechanosensitive channels (e.g., TRPM7, TRPV4, TRPC6) contribute to the enhanced [Ca(2+)]cyt increase induced by shear stress in PASMC from IPAH patients. Blockade of the mechanosensitive cation channels may represent a novel therapeutic approach for relieving elevated [Ca(2+)]cyt in PASMC and thereby inhibiting sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with IPAH. PMID: 24920677 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - June 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Song S, Yamamura A, Yamamura H, Ayon RJ, Smith KA, Tang H, Makino A, Yuan JX Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Mucin 3 is involved in intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone-induced suppression of Akt phosphorylation.
In conclusion, 3-oxo-C12-HSL might influence the survival of undifferentiated intestinal epithelial cells as well as interactions between these cells and pathogens. PMID: 24848113 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - May 21, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Taguchi R, Tanaka S, Joe GH, Maseda H, Nomura N, Ohnishi J, Ishizuka S, Shimizu H, Miyazaki H Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Protein Kinase D1 mediates Class IIa Histone Deacetylase Phosphorylation and Nuclear Extrusion in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Role in Mitogenic Signaling.
We examined whether class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a role in mitogenic signaling mediated by protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in IEC-18 intestinal epithelial cells. Our results show that class IIa HDAC 4, 5 and 7 are prominently expressed in these cells. Simulation with angiotensin II (ANG II), a potent mitogen for IEC-18 cells, induced a striking increase in the phosphorylation of HDAC4 at Ser(246) and Ser(632), HDAC5 at Ser(259) and Ser(498) and HDAC7 at Ser(155). Treatment with the PKD family inhibitors kb NB 142-70 and CRT0066101 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKD1 prevented ANG II-induced phosphorylation of HDAC ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 19, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Sinnett-Smith J, Ni Y, Wang J, Ming M, Young SH, Rozengurt E Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research