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Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...

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Total 155 results found since Jan 2013.

Balance between S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation modulates myoblast proliferation independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase activation.
Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to myogenesis by regulating the transition between myoblast proliferation and fusion through cGMP signaling. NO can form S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), which control signaling pathways in many different cell types. However, neither the role of RSNO content nor its regulation by the denitrosylase activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) during myogenesis is understood. Here, we used primary cultures of chick embryonic skeletal muscle cells to investigate whether changes in intracellular RSNO alter proliferation and fusion of myoblasts in the presence and absence of cGMP. Cu...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 5, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Yamashita AM, Ancillotti MT, Rangel LP, Fontenele M, Figueiredo-Freitas C, Possidonio AC, Soares CP, Sorenson MM, Mermelstein C, Nogueira L Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

The unfolded protein response in relation to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells.
THE UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE IN RELATION TO MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS IN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017 Mar 08;:ajpcell.00320.2016 Authors: Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Hood DA Abstract Mitochondria are comprised of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins requiring precise stoichiometry for their integration into functional complexes. The augmented protein synthesis associated with mitochondrial biogenesis results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins, thus triggering cellular stress. As such, the unfolded protein responses emanating from the endoplasmic reticulum (UPR(ER))...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Hood DA Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Canstatin stimulates migration of rat cardiac fibroblasts via secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2.
In conclusion, this study revealed a novel function of canstatin for inducing cell migration of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts at least in part by ERK phosphorylation through MMP-2 secretion possibly via actin cytoskeletal change. PMID: 28003226 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - December 20, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Okada M, Murata N, Yamawaki H Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

The plasma membrane metal-ion transporter ZIP14 contributes to non-transferrin-bound iron uptake by human β cells.
Abstract The relationship between iron and β cell dysfunction has long been recognized as individuals with iron overload display an increased incidence of diabetes. This link is usually attributed to the accumulation of excess iron in β cells leading to cellular damage and impaired function. Yet, the molecular mechanism(s) by which human β cells take up iron has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of the metal-ion transporters ZIP14, ZIP8, and DMT1 to iron uptake by human β cells. Iron was provided to the cells as non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), which appears in the plasm...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - November 29, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Coffey R, Knutson MD Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Lysophosphatidic acid-induced vascular neointimal formation in mouse carotid arteries is mediated by the matricellular protein CCN1/Cyr61.
Abstract Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is an essential step involved in neointimal formation in restenosis and atherosclerosis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive component of oxidized low density lipoprotein and is produced by activated platelets, implying that LPA influences vascular remodeling. Our previous study revealed that matricellular protein CCN1, a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, mediates LPA-induced SMC migration in vitro. Here we examined the role of CCN1 in LPA-induced neointimal formation. By using LPA infusion of carotid artery in a mouse model, we demonstrated t...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - October 18, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hao F, Zhang F, Wu DD, An D, Shi J, Li G, Xu X, Cui MZ Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

High Potassium Promotes Mutual Interaction between (Pro)Renin Receptor and the Local Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Rat IMCD Cells.
Abstract (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD) with unclear functional implication. It is not known whether CD PRR is regulated by high potassium (HK). Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of HK on PRR expression and its role in regulation of aldosterone synthesis and release in the CD. In primary rat inner medullary CD cells, HK augmented PRR expression and soluble PPR (sPRR) release in a time- and dose- dependent manner, which was attenuated by PRR siRNA, eplerenone, and losartan. HK upregulated aldosterone release in parallel with an increase of CYP11B2 (cytochrome...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 16, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu C, Fang H, Zhou L, Lu A, Yang T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Activation of Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of Exendin-4 against angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence.
In conclusion, these results provide a mechanistic insight into how Nrf2 signaling mediates the anti-senescent and anti-oxidative effects induced by Exendin-4 in VSMCs. PMID: 27488664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - August 2, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou T, Zhang M, Zhao L, Li A, Qin X Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Molecular Mechanisms of the Angiogenic Effects of Low-energy Shock Wave Therapy: Roles of Mechanotransduction.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that activation of mechanosensors on cell membranes, such as caveolin-1 and β1-integrin, and subsequent phosphorylation of Erk and Akt may play pivotal roles in the SW-induced angiogenesis. PMID: 27413171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - July 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Hatanaka K, Ito K, Shindo T, Kagaya Y, Ogata T, Eguchi K, Kurosawa R, Shimokawa H Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Local coupling of TRPC6 to ANO1/TMEM16A channels in smooth muscle cells amplifies vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.
Abstract Anoctamin-1 (ANO1; also termed TMEM16A) is a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) (ClCa) channel expressed in arterial myocytes that regulates membrane potential and contractility. Signaling mechanisms that control ANO1 activity in arterial myocytes are poorly understood. In cerebral artery myocytes, ANO1 channels are activated by local Ca(2+) signals generated by plasma membrane non-selective cation channels, but the molecular identity of these proteins is unclear. Arterial myocytes express several different non-selective cation channels, including multiple members of the transient receptor potential receptor (TRP) fa...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - May 3, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang Q, Leo MD, Narayanan D, Kuruvilla KP, Jaggar JH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Caveolin-1 regulates corneal wound healing by modulating Kir4.1 activity.
Abstract The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in corneal epithelium is associated with regeneration potency. We used Cav1(-/-) mice to study the role of Cav1 in modulating corneal wound healing. Western blot and whole cell patch-clamp were employed to study the effect of Cav1 deletion on Kir4.1 current density in corneas. We found that Ba(2+)-sensitive K(+) currents in primary cultured murine corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) from Cav1(-/-) were dramatically reduced (602pA) in comparison to those from WT (1300pA). As a consequence, membrane potential was elevated in pMCE from Cav1(-/-) comparing to that from WT (-43Â...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 26, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang C, Su XT, Bellner L, Lin DH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Calpain-2 Activates Akt via TGFβ1-mTORC2 Pathway in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells.
Abstract Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent nonlysosomal neutral cysteine endopeptidases. Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to AGC kinases and plays important roles in cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell metabolism. Both calpain and Akt are the downstream signaling molecules of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and mediate PDGF-induced collagen synthesis and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in pulmonary vascular remodeling. We found that inhibitions of calpain-2 by using calpain inhibitor MDL28170 and calpain-2 siRNA attenuated Akt phosph...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 19, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Abeyrathna P, Kovacs L, Han W, Su Y Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Rab25 influences functional CaV1.2 channel surface expression in arterial smooth muscle cells.
Abstract Plasma membrane-localized CaV1.2 channels are the primary calcium (Ca(2+)) influx pathway in arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes). CaV1.2 channels regulate several cellular functions, including contractility and gene expression, but trafficking pathways that control the surface expression of these proteins are unclear. Similarly, expression and physiological functions of small RabGTPases, proteins that control vesicular trafficking in arterial myocytes are poorly understood. Here, we investigated Rab proteins that control functional surface abundance of CaV1.2 channels in cerebral artery myocytes. West...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 12, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Bannister JP, Bulley S, Leo MD, Kidd MW, Jaggar JH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Endothelial microparticles carrying hedgehog-interacting protein induce continuous endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease.
In this study, we detected the plasma EMP levels and endothelial damage in patients and mice with aGVHD in vivo, and then examined the effects of EMPs derived from injured endothelial cells (ECs) on endothelial damage and the role of hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) carried by EMPs in these effects in vitro. Our results showed that EMPs were persistently increased in the early post-transplantation phase in patients and mice with aGVHD. Meanwhile, endothelial damage was continuous in aGVHD mice but was temporary in non-aGVHD mice after transplantation. In vitro, EMPs induced endothelial damage including increased EC apop...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 22, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Nie DM, Wu QL, Zheng P, Chen P, Zhang R, Li BB, Fang J, Xia LH, Hong M Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Caveolin-1 is a checkpoint regulator in hypoxia-induced astrocyte apoptosis via Ras/Raf/ERK pathway.
Abstract Astrocytes, the most numerous cells in the human brain, play a central role in the metabolic homeostasis following hypoxic injury. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a transmembrane scaffolding protein, has been shown to converge pro-survival signaling in the central nerve system. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Cav-1 in the hypoxia-induced astrocyte injury. We also examined how Cav-1 alleviates apoptotic astrocyte death. To this end, primary astrocytes were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h and a subsequent 24 h reoxygenation to mimic hypoxic injury. OGD significantly reduced Cav-1 ...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 22, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Xu L, Wang L, Wen Z, Wu L, Jiang Y, Yang L, Xiao L, Xie Y, Ma M, Zhu W, Ye R, Liu X Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Down-regulation of LRRC8A protects Human Ovarian and Alveolar Carcinoma cells against Cisplatin-induced expression of p53, MDM2, p21 and Caspase-9/-3 activation.
Abstract The leucine rich repeat containing 8A (LRRC8A) protein is an essential component of the volume sensitive organic anion channel (VSOAC) and using pharmacological anion channel inhibitors (NS3728, DIDS) and LRRC8A siRNA we have investigated its role in development of Cisplatin resistance in human ovarian (A2780) and alveolar (A549) carcinoma cells. In Cisplatin-sensitive cells Cisplatin treatment increases p53-protein level as well as downstream signaling, e.g., expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1), Bax, Noxa, MDM2, and activation of caspase-9/-3. In contrast, Cisplatin-resistant cells do not enter apoptosis, i.e.,...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 16, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Sørensen BH, Nielsen D, Thorsteinsdottir UA, Hoffmann EK, Lambert IH Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research