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Condition: Diabetes Type 2

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Total 421 results found since Jan 2013.

An Inhibitor of Activated Blood Coagulation Factor X Shows Anti-Endothelial Senescence and Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects
Conclusion: Rivaroxaban prevents replicative senescence in HUVECs and aortic endothelial cells in dyslipidemic diabetic mice. It restores endothelial function and prevents the progression of atherosclerosis.J Vasc Res
Source: Journal of Vascular Research - July 2, 2019 Category: Research Source Type: research

Protectin DX ameliorates palmitate-induced hepatic insulin resistance through AMPK/SIRT1-mediated modulation of fetuin-A and SeP expression.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 31246318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology - June 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jung TW, Ahn SH, Shin JW, Kim HC, Park ES, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Song KH, Jeong JH Tags: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the {beta}2 regulatory subunit are up-regulated during and contribute to adipogenesis
This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Down-regulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas down-regulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes cont...
Source: Biochemical Journal - June 25, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Katwan, O. J., Alghamdi, F., Almabrouk, T. A., Mancini, S. J., Kennedy, S., Oakhill, J. S., Scott, J. W., Salt, I. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the β2 regulatory subunit are upregulated during and contribute to adipogenesis.
This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Downregulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas downregulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes containing AMPKβ2 whilst ...
Source: The Biochemical Journal - June 11, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Katwan OJ, Alghamdi F, Almabrouk TA, Mancini SJ, Kennedy S, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Salt IP Tags: Biochem J Source Type: research

High Glucose Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Migration and Invasion in A20 Murine Di ffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells Through Increased Expression of High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2).
CONCLUSIONS In the A20 murine DLBCL cell line, high glucose upregulated the expression of HMGA2 to induce EMT and promote cell migration and invasion through the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 31124542 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Science Monitor - May 29, 2019 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research

The complement receptor C5aR2 promotes protein kinase R expression and contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release from macrophages Signal Transduction
In conclusion, these findings reveal that C5aR2 contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release from macrophages.
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 23, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Songlin Yu, Dan Wang, Lingmin Huang, Yening Zhang, Ruiheng Luo, Dickson Adah, Yiting Tang, Kai Zhao, Ben Lu Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Tangshen Formula Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis by Inducing Autophagy Through the AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy was involved in relieving the effects of TSF against NAFLD, which were mediated by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway (Figure 7D). These findings may improve our current understanding of the role of TSF in treating hepatic steatosis and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of TSF in NAFLD and its related metabolic syndrome. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Co...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Resveratrol Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing via SIRT1-FOXO1-c-Myc Signaling Pathway-Mediated Angiogenesis
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the positive role of RES in diabetic wound healing via its SIRT1-dependent endothelial protection and pro-angiogenic effects involves the inhibition of FOXO1 and the de-repression of c-Myc expression. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with an increasing incidence worldwide (Zimmet et al., 2014). The disease often leads to the development of serious complications such as microangiopathy, mainly including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and diabetic non-healing skin ulcers (Zheng et al., 2018). Diabetic non-healing skin ulcers such as foot ulcers are ca...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A Novel Regulator of Preadipocyte Differentiation, Transcription Factor TCF21, Functions Partially Through Promoting LPL Expression
Discussion Excessive fat deposition in chickens can result in many undesirable consequences within the poultry industry, including reduced feeding efficiency (Zhou et al., 2006) and decreased reproductive performance (Walzem and Chen, 2014). Thus, broiler breeders urgently require a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism governing chicken adipogenesis. We previously found that broilers from lean and fat lines exhibit clear differences in reproductive performance (Zhang et al., 2018). In addition, TCF21 was found to be related to testis growth and development in these broilers (Zhang et al., 2017). In mice ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 22, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Epigenetic Regulation of Diabetogenic Adipose Morphology
ConclusionCpG methylation could be influential in determining adipose morphology and thereby constitute a novel antidiabetic target. We identified C14orf180 as a novel regulator of adipocyte lipid storage and possibly differentiation.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - April 18, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long –Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
We examined the sponging potential of all significantly changed circRNAs using the CircInteractome database (Montefiori et al., 2018), recording two miRNAs with four or more predicted binding sites in a single circRNA transcript, a threshold above which meaningful sponging activity is likely to occur Memczak et al. (2013). Another four significantly changed circRNAs are experimentally shown to sponge miRNAs (Dudekula et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2018), for six total circRNAs with miRNA sponging activity including miR125, miR143, miR1272, miR153, miR515-5p, and miR196a-5p (Table 4). In Fig...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 17, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

NF κB and Kidney Injury
Conclusion As a critical regulator of inflammation and cell survival, the NFκB pathway is a promising target for diagnosing and treating kidney diseases. For modulation of the NFκB pathway in the clinic, a number of molecules can effectively inhibit NFκB signaling by targeting the receptors, associated adaptors, IKKs, IκBs and transcriptional regulators (144). There is further clinical evidence on small-molecule inhibitors of IKKα and NIK from recent trials on anti-cancer therapies (145). These clinical trials showed that the cancer-selective pharmacodynamic response of DTP3, the co...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research