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Condition: Diabetes Type 2

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Total 421 results found since Jan 2013.

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pancreatic {beta}-cells detoxify H2O2 through the peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin antioxidant system Metabolism
Oxidative stress is thought to promote pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and contribute to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are mediators of oxidative stress that arise largely from electron leakage during oxidative phosphorylation. Reports that β-cells express low levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and GSH peroxidases, have supported a model in which β-cells are ill-equipped to detoxify ROS. This hypothesis seems at odds with the essential role of β-cells in the control of metabolic homeostasis and organismal survival through exquisite...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 28, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jennifer S. Stancill, Katarzyna A. Broniowska, Bryndon J. Oleson, Aaron Naatz, John A. Corbett Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

The orphan nuclear receptor Nor1/Nr4a3 is a negative regulator of {beta}-cell mass Molecular Bases of Disease
The Nr4a subfamily of nuclear receptor comprises three members in mammalian cells: Nur77/Nr4a1, Nurr1/Nr4a2, and Nor1/Nr4a3. Nr4a proteins play key roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in peripheral metabolic tissues. However, their biological functions in β-cells remain relatively uncharacterized. Here we sought to investigate the potential role of Nor1 in the regulation of β-cell mass and, in particular, β-cell survival/apoptosis. We used histological analysis to examine the consequences of genetic deletion of either Nur77 and Nor1 on β-cell mass, investigated the expression patterns of Nr4as in human islet...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 28, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Anne–Francoise Close, Nidheesh Dadheech, Barbara Scoralick Villela, Claude Rouillard, Jean Buteau Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Asprosin impairs insulin secretion in response to glucose and viability through TLR4/JNK-mediated inflammation
This report suggests asprosin as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes through preservation of β-cell function.Graphical abstract
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

EPHA4 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell contractility and is a sex-specific hypertension risk gene in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Conclusion: EPHA4 appears to be a sex-specific hypertension risk gene in type 2 diabetic patients. Forward EPHA4 signalling reduces VSMC contractility, and estrogen is a modifier of this effect. The effect of EPHA4 on VSMCs contractility explains the association of EPHA4 gene with hypertension risks in female patients.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - March 1, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Heart and vessels Source Type: research

Nucleophosmin/B23 contributes to hepatic insulin resistance through the modulation of NF- κB pathway.
Nucleophosmin/B23 contributes to hepatic insulin resistance through the modulation of NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 21;: Authors: Wang X, Ma H, Wang X Abstract Nucleophosmin (NPM)/B23 is an important nucleolar phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of assorted cellular signaling pathways. In the present study, we revealed a critical role of NPM in liver insulin resistance. NPM is markedly upregulated in insulin-resistant liver tissues and palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HepG2 cells both at mRNA and protein levels. Ectopic expression of NPM in hepatocytes aggravated PA-induced insu...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 21, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang X, Ma H, Wang X Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

AIM2 gene silencing attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic rat model
Publication date: Available online 18 February 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Xuyang Wang, Jinyu Pan, Hui Liu, Mingjun Zhang, Dian Liu, Lu Lu, Jingjing Tian, Ming Liu, Tao Jin, Fengshuang AnAbstractAimsAbsent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a cytosolic DNA sensor which plays an important role in inflammasome formation and is involved in various cellular functions including pyroptosis, fibrosis, and tissue injury. Our study aimed to investigate whether AIM2 plays a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to explore its potential molecular mechanism.Main methodsSprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control,...
Source: Life Sciences - February 18, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Translocator protein 18 kDa ligand alleviates neointimal hyperplasia in the diabetic rat artery injury model via activating PKG
This study suggests that TSPO inhibition suppresses the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by hyperglycemia, consequently, preventing atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty in diabetic conditions. TSPO may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce arterial remodeling induced by angioplasty in diabetes.
Source: Life Sciences - February 9, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Anagliptin ameliorates high glucose- induced endothelial dysfunction via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by SIRT1
Publication date: March 2019Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 107Author(s): Tiechao Jiang, Dongli Jiang, Lirong Zhang, Mei Ding, Hui ZhouAbstractHigh glucose- induced endothelial dysregulation has been recognized as an initiation of vascular complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Anagliptin is a novel licensed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of T2DM. The effects of anagliptin in high glucose- induced endothelial dysfunction are less reported. In the current study, we found that treatment with anagliptin prevented high glucose- induced reduction of cell viability and increase in LDH ...
Source: Molecular Immunology - January 18, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hepatic miR-181b-5p Contributes to Glycogen Synthesis Through Targeting EGR1
ConclusionWe demonstrated that miR-181b-5p contributes to glycogen synthesis by targeting EGR1, thereby regulating PTEN expression to mediate hepatic insulin resistance.
Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences - January 9, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Insulin-like growth factor-1 activates AMPK to augment mitochondrial function and correct neuronal metabolism in sensory neurons in type 1 diabetes
ConclusionsIn DRG neuron cultures IGF-1 signals via AMPK to elevate mitochondrial function and drive axonal outgrowth. We propose that this signaling axis mediates IGF-1-dependent protection from distal dying-back of fibers in diabetic neuropathy.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - November 29, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Complement 1q-like-3 protein inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic {beta}-cells via the cell adhesion G protein-coupled receptor BAI3 Cell Biology
Secreted proteins are important metabolic regulators in both healthy and disease states. Here, we sought to investigate the mechanism by which the secreted protein complement 1q-like-3 (C1ql3) regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, a key process affecting whole-body glucose metabolism. We found that C1ql3 predominantly inhibits exendin-4– and cAMP-stimulated insulin secretion from mouse and human islets. However, to a lesser extent, C1ql3 also reduced insulin secretion in response to KCl, the potassium channel blocker tolbutamide, and high glucose. Strikingly, C1ql3 did not affect insulin secretion stimula...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 23, 2018 Category: Chemistry Authors: Rajesh Gupta, Dan C. Nguyen, Michael D. Schaid, Xia Lei, Appakalai N. Balamurugan, G. William Wong, Jeong-a Kim, James E. Koltes, Michelle E. Kimple, Sushant Bhatnagar Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research

The TRPC6-AMPK Pathway is Involved in Insulin-Dependent Cytoskeleton Reorganization and Glucose Uptake in Cultured Rat Podocytes
Conclusion: These results suggest a potentially important new mechanism that regulates glucose transport in podocytes and that could be injurious during diabetes.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;51:393 –410
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - November 19, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) modulates the inflammatory response of mesangial cells in response to glucose.
Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus. Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that primarily mediates glucose homeostasis in the body. The present study investigated the role of ChREBP in the pathogenesis of DN. The expression of ChREBP was detected in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic mice and mesangial cells. ELISA was used to measure cytokine production in mesangial cells. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the apoptosis of mes...
Source: Bioscience Reports - November 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Chen Y, Wang YJ, Zhao Y, Wang JC Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Genome-wide profiling of histone H3K27 acetylation featured fatty acid signalling in pancreatic beta cells in diet-induced obesity in mice
Conclusions/interpretationThese results suggest novel roles for DNA-binding proteins and fatty acid signalling in obesity-induced epigenomic regulation of beta cell function.Data availabilityThe next-generation sequencing data in the present study were deposited at ArrayExpress.RNA-Seq:Dataset name: ERR2538129 (Control), ERR2538130 (Diet-induced obesity)Repository name and number: E-MTAB-6718 - RNA-Seq of pancreatic islets derived from mice fed a long-term high-fat diet against chow-fed controls.ChIP-Seq:Dataset name: ERR2538131 (Control), ERR2538132 (Diet-induced obesity)Repository name and number: E-MTAB-6719 - H3K27ac C...
Source: Diabetologia - November 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research