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Cancer: Melanoma

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Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15, a Type I Interferon-Dependent Transcript, Is Involved in a Negative Feedback Loop in Innate Immune Reactions in Human Mesangial Cells
Conclusion: Since unconjugated free ISG15 negatively regulates the phosphorylation of STAT1 and its downstream reactions, ISG15 dysregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular inflammation. We believe that suitable interventions in these innate immune cascades is desirable for the future therapeutic strategies for glomerulonephritis.Nephron
Source: Nephron - February 5, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

MicroRNA-138 suppresses proliferation, invasion and glycolysis in malignant melanoma cells by targeting HIF-1α.
Authors: Chen Y, Cao KE, Wang S, Chen J, He B, He GU, Chen Y, Peng B, Zhou J Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) may induce mRNA degradation or inhibit protein translation by directly binding to the 3'-untranslational region of target mRNAs. It has been reported that miR-138 is downregulated in malignant melanoma (MM) cells. However, the role of miR-138 in MM cell proliferation, invasion and energy metabolism remains unknown. These were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR-138 and the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α...
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - June 12, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

p21 is Responsible for Ionizing Radiation-induced Bypass of Mitosis.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that p21 was responsible for the downregulation of G2/M transition regulatory proteins and the bypass of mitosis induced by irradiation. Downregulation of p21 by siRNA resulted in G2-arrested cells entering into mitosis with serious DNA damage. This is the first report on elucidating the role of p21 in the bypass of mitosis. PMID: 27554118 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES - June 30, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhang XR, Liu YA, Sun F, Li H, Lei SW, Wang JF Tags: Biomed Environ Sci Source Type: research

p21 is Responsible for Ionizing Radiation-induced Bypass of Mitosis
Conclusion Our results indicated that p21 was responsible for the downregulation of G2/M transition regulatory proteins and the bypass of mitosis induced by irradiation. Downregulation of p21 by siRNA resulted in G2-arrested cells entering into mitosis with serious DNA damage. This is the first report on elucidating the role of p21 in the bypass of mitosis.
Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences - August 30, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

MDA-7/IL-24 Alters Bcl-x RNA Splicing RNA
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 (MDA-7/IL-24) exhibits cytotoxic effects on tumor cells while sparing untransformed cells, and Bcl-x(L) is reported to efficiently block the induction of cell death by MDA-7/IL-24. The expression of Bcl-x(L) is regulated at the level of RNA splicing via alternative 5′ splice site selection within exon 2 to produce either the pro-apoptotic Bcl-x(s) or the anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L). Our laboratory previously reported that Bcl-x RNA splicing is dysregulated in a large percentage of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Therefore, we investigated whether the alternative RNA...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - October 6, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Shapiro, B. A., Vu, N. T., Shultz, M. D., Shultz, J. C., Mietla, J. A., Gouda, M. M., Yacoub, A., Dent, P., Fisher, P. B., Park, M. A., Chalfant, C. E. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Targeted Disruption of JCAD (Junctional Protein Associated With Coronary Artery Disease)/KIAA1462, a Coronary Artery Disease-Associated Gene Product, Inhibits Angiogenic Processes In Vitro and In Vivo.
CONCLUSIONS: These in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that JCAD has a redundant functional role in physiological angiogenesis but serves a pivotal role in pathological angiogenic process after birth. PMID: 28705794 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - July 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hara T, Monguchi T, Iwamoto N, Akashi M, Mori K, Oshita T, Okano M, Toh R, Irino Y, Shinohara M, Yamashita Y, Shioi G, Furuse M, Ishida T, Hirata KI Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Melanoma antigen A12 regulates cell cycle via tumor suppressor p21 expression.
Authors: Yanagi T, Nagai K, Shimizu H, Matsuzawa SI Abstract Melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGE-A) is a family of cancer/testis antigens that are expressed in malignant tumors but not in normal tissues other than the testes. MAGE-A12 is a MAGE-A family gene whose tumorigenic function in cancer cells remains unclear. Searches of the Oncomine and NextBio databases revealed that malignant tumors show up-regulation of MAGE-A12 mRNA relative to corresponding normal tissue. In PPC1 primary prostatic carcinoma cells and in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells (wild type and p53-depleted), MAGE-A12 gene knockdown using s...
Source: Oncotarget - August 7, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Targeting of angiopoietin 2-small interfering RNA plasmid/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles in a mouse model of malignant melanoma in vivo.
Authors: Shan XY, Xu TT, Liu ZL, Hu XF, Zhang YD, Guo SZ, Wang B Abstract The aim of the present study was to observe the in vivo targeting characteristic of angiopoietin 2-small interfering RNA (Ang2-siRNA) plasmid/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles in an established nude mouse model of malignant melanoma (MM) under an external magnetic field. The nude mouse MM model was first established, then divided into 3 groups, including the control group, the non-targeting group and the target group, the control group was given normal saline and the non-targeting and targeting groups were administrated particles through the ta...
Source: Oncology Letters - August 9, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncol Lett Source Type: research

Aquaporin ‐1 inhibition reduces metastatic formation in a mouse model of melanoma
In conclusion, these findings highlight an additional role for AQP1 as an important determinant of tumour dissemination by facilitating tumour cell extravasation and metastatic formation. This study adds knowledge on the role played by AQP1 in tumour biology and supports the view of AQP1 as a potential drug target for cancer therapy.
Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine - October 1, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Laura Simone, Concetta Domenica Gargano, Francesco Pisani, Antonio Cibelli, Maria Grazia Mola, Antonio Frigeri, Maria Svelto, Grazia Paola Nicchia Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Filamin A Modulates Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry by Regulating STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1)-Orai1 Association in Human Platelets.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that FLNA modulates SOCE and then the correct platelet function, by fine-tuning the distribution of STIM1 in the cytoskeleton and the interaction with Orai1 channels. PMID: 29284605 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - December 28, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lopez JJ, Albarrán L, Jardín I, Sanchez-Collado J, Redondo PC, Bermejo N, Bobe R, Smani T, Rosado JA Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

The inhibition of invasion of human melanoma cells through N-cadherin knock-down
AbstractN-cadherin seems to promote cell migration and invasion in many types of cancers. The object of this study is recognition of the possible role of N-cadherin and selected downstream protein kinases: PI3K, ERK1/2, and mTOR in cell invasion in malignant melanoma. Melanoma cells were transfected with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets human N –cadherin gene (CDH2). Inhibitors LY294002 (PI3K), U0126 (ERK1/2), and everolimus (mTOR) were used to inhibit selected kinases of signalling pathways. In vitro cell invasion was studied using Matrigel and an analysis of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 activ...
Source: Medical Oncology - February 28, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Inhibition of autophagy enhances DENSpm-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells in a p53 independent manner
ConclusionsFrom our results we conclude that DENSpm-induced apoptotic cell death is increased when autophagy is inhibited by 3-MA or Beclin-1 siRNA through PA depletion and PA catabolic activation in colon cancer cells, regardless p53 mutation status.
Source: Cellular Oncology - February 28, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Targeted-gene silencing of BRAF to interrupt BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway synergized photothermal therapeutics for melanoma using a novel FA-GNR-siBRAF nanosystem
Melanoma is significantly associated with mutant BRAF gene, a suitable target for siRNA-based anti-melanoma therapy. However, a tumor-specific delivery system is a major hurdle for clinical applications. Here, we developed a novel nano-carrier, FA-GNR-siBRAF for safe topical application, which consists of folic acid (FA) as the tumor-targeting moiety, golden nanorods (GNR) providing photothermal capability to kill tumor cells under laser irradiation, and siRNA specifically silencing BRAF (siBRAF).
Source: Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine - April 20, 2018 Category: Nanotechnology Authors: Yujuan Zhang, Xuelin Zhan, Shanshan Peng, Ying Cai, Yu Shrike Zhang, Yanling Liu, Zhigang Wang, Yanrong Yu, Yifan Wang, Qiaofa Shi, Xiaoping Zeng, Keng Yuan, Nanjin Zhou, Rakesh Joshi, Meng Zhang, Zhuxu Zhang, Weiping Min Source Type: research