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Cancer: Melanoma

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Total 1255 results found since Jan 2013.

The interplay between hypoxia, endothelial and melanoma cells regulates vascularization and cell motility through endothelin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor
Reciprocal growth factor exchanges between endothelial and malignant cells within the hypoxic microenvironment determine tumor progression. However, the nature of these exchanges has not yet been fully explored. We studied the mutual regulation between endothelial cells (EC), melanoma cells and hypoxia that dictate tumor aggressiveness and angiogenic activity. Here, we investigated the presence of bidirectional autocrine/paracrine endothelin (ET)-1/ET receptor (ETBR) signaling in melanoma cells, blood and lymphatic EC. In all these cells, hypoxia enhanced ET-1 expression, which in turn induced vascular endothelial growth f...
Source: Carcinogenesis - April 7, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Spinella, F., Caprara, V., Cianfrocca, R., Rosano, L., Di Castro, V., Garrafa, E., Natali, P. G., Bagnato, A. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Curcumin-induced melanoma cell death is associated with mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening.
Abstract Here we studied the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in curcumin's cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. In cultured WM-115 melanoma cells, curcumin induced mitochondrial membrane potential (MPP) decrease, cyclophilin-D (CyPD)-adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT-1) (two mPTP components) mitochondrial association and cytochrome C release, indicating mPTP opening. The mPTP blocker sanglifehrin A (SfA) and ANT-1 siRNA-depletion dramatically inhibited curcumin-induced cytochrome C release and WM-115 cell death. CyPD is required for curcumin-induced melanoma cell death. The CyPD i...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 12, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Qiu Y, Yu T, Wang W, Pan K, Shi D, Sun H Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

CD81 Promotes MT1-MMP-dependent Cell Migration Signal Transduction
Despite the importance of multiple tetraspanin proteins in cancer invasion and metastasis, little is known about the role and significance of tetraspanin CD81 in these processes. In the present study, we examined CD81 effects on melanoma cell invasiveness and metastasis. Transfection of CD81 into melanoma cells lacking endogenous CD81 expression significantly enhanced the migrating, invasive, and metastatic abilities of melanoma cells. Interestingly, membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression was found in CD81-expressing melanoma cells but not in CD81-deficient cells. siRNA knockdown of CD81 in melanoma ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 30, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Hong, I.-K., Byun, H.-J., Lee, J., Jin, Y.-J., Wang, S.-J., Jeoung, D.-I., Kim, Y.-M., Lee, H. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) Expression in the Microglia by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Upregulation of Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (GPNMB) Expression
In this study, we used RT-PCR and Western blotting to detect GPNMB and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expressions in activated microglia. GPNMB small interfering RNA (siRNA) or MMP-3 inhibitor was applied on microglial BV2 cells, and ELISA was performed to measure the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in BV2 cells. Levels of iNOS and NO in BV2 cells were also determined. We found that the levels of GPNMB and MMP-3 were significantly increased in BV2 cells after LPS treatment. Moreover, we found that GPNMB significantly upregulated the expression of MMP-3 in BV2 cells, and high expression of MMP-3 was dependent on the le...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - October 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Abstract 3710: The role of eIF4E in promoting melanoma cell proliferation and maintaining acquired resistance to Vemurafenib in melanoma
In conclusion, our data show that eIF4E promotes proliferation of some melanoma cell lines and may be involved in maintaining the survival of some melanoma cell lines with acquired vemurafenib resistance. These data suggest that therapeutically targeting eIF4E may be a viable means of inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation and overcoming Vemurafenib resistance. Citation Format: Yao Zhan, Michael S. Dahabieh, Filippa Pettersson, Monica C. Dobocan, Marie Noel M. Boutchou, Leon Van Kempen, Sonia V. del Rincon, Wilson H. Miller, Jr.. The role of eIF4E in promoting melanoma cell proliferation and maintaining acquired resistance...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhan, Y., Dahabieh, M. S., Pettersson, F., Dobocan, M. C., Boutchou, M. N. M., Kempen, L. V., Rincon, S. V. d., Miller, W. H. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 4455: Targeting a novel kras-integrin-linked kinase regulatory circuitry in pancreatic cancer
In this study, we have identified a novel KRAS-E2F1-ILK-hnRNP A1 regulatory circuitry that governs the expression of oncogenic KRAS. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a serine/threonine kinase that mediates a diversity of cellular functions including cell survival, cell-matrix interactions, angiogenesis and also plays a role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. Dysregulation of ILK expression has been observed in several tumors including breast, ovary, melanoma, lung, prostate and pancreas and reported to be correlated with tumor progression, metastasis and chemoresistance to gemcitabine in pancreat...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chu, P.-C., Yang, M.-C., Kulp, S. K., Chen, C.-S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract B52: Therapeutic targeting of human KRAS in pancreatic cancer using a novel method of gene-silencing: U1 adaptors
Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the U1 Adaptor method of gene silencing can be successfully applied to target human KRAS both in vitro and in vivo. These results support the continued investigation of U1 Adaptor technology as a strategy for therapeutic targeting of RAS oncogenes.Citation Format: Ashley T. Tsang, Xin Yu, Rafal Goraczniak, Mark Brenneman, Samuel Gunderson, Darren R. Carpizo. Therapeutic targeting of human KRAS in pancreatic cancer using a novel method of gene-silencing: U1 adaptors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; La...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - February 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tsang, A. T., Yu, X., Goraczniak, R., Brenneman, M., Gunderson, S., Carpizo, D. R. Tags: RAS Targeting: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Detection of GNAQ mutations and reduction of cell viability in uveal melanoma cells with functionalized gold nanoparticles.
CONCLUSION: AuNPs may in future be developed to serve as sensors for mutations of vital importance. The new release system for siRNA-AuNP improves previous systems, which conceivably will be useful for future therapeutic gene regulatory approaches. PMID: 25653058 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Biomedical Microdevices - February 1, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Posch C, Latorre A, Crosby MB, Celli A, Latorre A, Vujic I, Sanlorenzo M, Green GA, Weier J, Zekhtser M, Ma J, Monico G, Char DH, Jusufbegovic D, Rappersberger K, Somoza Á, Ortiz-Urda S Tags: Biomed Microdevices Source Type: research

HDAC inhibition overcomes acute resistance to MEK inhibition in BRAF mutant colorectal cancer by down-regulation of c-FLIPL.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that c-MET/STAT3-dependent upregulation of c-FLIPL expression is an important escape mechanism following MEKi treatment in BRAFMT CRC. Thus, combinations of MEKi with inhibitors of c-MET or c-FLIP (eg. HDAC inhibitors) could be potential novel treatment strategies for BRAFMT CRC. PMID: 25813020 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Cancer Research - March 26, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carson R, Celtikci B, Fenning CS, Javadi A, Crawford N, Perez-Carbonell L, Lawler M, Longley DB, Johnston PG, Van Schaeybroeck S Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: research

Inducible but Not Constitutive Expression of PD-L1 in Human Melanoma Cells Is Dependent on Activation of NF-κB
by Kavitha Gowrishankar, Dilini Gunatilake, Stuart J. Gallagher, Jessamy Tiffen, Helen Rizos, Peter Hersey Monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint blockade have proven to be a major success in the treatment of melanoma. The programmed death receptor-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on melanoma cells is believed to have an inhibitory effect on T cell responses and to be an important escape mechanism from immune attack. Previous studies have shown that PD-L1 can be expressed constitutively or can be induced by IFN-γ secreted by infiltrating lymphocytes. In the present study we have investigated the mechanism underlyin...
Source: PLoS One - April 6, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Kavitha Gowrishankar et al. Source Type: research

Abstract 245: Identification of novel immune checkpoints as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using RNAi screening
CONCLUSION: We set up a robust and systematic method to identify novel immune checkpoints for pancreatic cancer. Further functional validation of our candidate genes will prove their use as therapeutic targets.Citation Format: Antonio Sorrentino, Tillmann Michels, Ayse Nur Menevse, Nisit Khandelwal, Marco Breinig, Isabel Poschke, Rienk Offringa, Michael Boutros, Philipp Beckhove. Identification of novel immune checkpoints as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using RNAi screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sorrentino, A., Michels, T., Menevse, A. N., Khandelwal, N., Breinig, M., Poschke, I., Offringa, R., Boutros, M., Beckhove, P. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract 254: TiMi1 is a novel immune-checkpoint in solid tumors identified via a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-based RNAi screening
In this study, we established and utilized a novel high throughput RNAi screening to identify new immune checkpoint molecules in melanoma using antigen-specific patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in conjunction with primary HLA-matched melanoma cells. Using this approach, we screened a siRNA library targeting more than 1200 surface receptors and kinases to explore novel targets for immunotherapy.Briefly, HLA-A2 and luciferase positive M579-A2-luc melanoma cells were reversely transfected with the siRNA library and then co-cultured with MART1- and gp100-specific TILs to validate the TIL-mediated tumor lys...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michels, T., Hartl, C. A., Khandelwal, N., Breinig, M., Sorrentino, A., Mader, C., Umansky, L., Poschke, I., Offringa, R., Boutros, M., Eisenberg, G., Lotem, M., Beckhove, P. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract 294: A novel cancer therapeutic strategy: inducing cytotoxic functions in tumor-associated macrophages
Macrophages are recognized as an important component of the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that they promote tumor growth and participate in the initiation and progression of metastatic spread. Methods are being developed to eliminate macrophages from the tumor, thereby inhibiting their negative effects. However, we believe that the best approach would be to transform the tumor-helping macrophages into tumor-killing macrophages that would both eliminate tumor cells directly and re-invigorate other immune cells around them to better fight the tumor. Our data indicates that we have found a way to induce ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Barham, W., Tikhomirov, O., Ortega, R., Saskowski, J., Thompson, C. S., Wilson, A., Blackwell, T., Mirafzali, Z., Khabele, D., Giorgio, T., Yull, F. E. Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Abstract 2679: Overexpression of Mcl-1 confers resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitors alone and in combination with MEK1/2 inhibitors in melanoma
Melanoma harboring BRAF mutations frequently develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors, limiting the impact of treatment. The most prevalent mechanisms of acquired resistance appear to reactivate MAPK pathway. Furthermore, relatively little is known about the determinants of de novo resistance. Here, we establish such a mechanism of resistance and subsequently identified a suitable drug combination to overcome the resistance. Single treatment of BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines with vemurafenib or dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitors) alone or in combination with trametinib (MEK1/2 inhibitor) resulted in overexpression of Mcl-1. Overexp...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fofaria, N. M., Frederick, D. T., Sullivan, R. J., Flaherty, K. T., Srivastava, S. K. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 4610: Functional characterization of a multicancer risk locus on chr5p15.33 reveals regulation of TERT by ZNF148
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped multiple independent cancer risk loci (n = 6) to a small region on chr5p15.33 for at least ten distinct cancers, including bladder, breast, glioma, lung, melanoma, non-melanoma skin, ovarian, pancreas, prostate, and testicular germ cell cancer. This region harbors two plausible target genes, TERT which encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase which maintains chromosome ends by adding telomeres repeats, and CLPTM1L which encodes the cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1-like protein which promotes cancer cell growth, protect cells from apopto...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brown, K. M., Fang, J., Jia, J., Wang, Z., Makowski, M., Zhang, T., Hoskins, J., Choi, J., Han, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, M., Kanetsky, P., Thorkell, A., Petersen, G. M., Nathanson, K. L., Amos, C. I., Landi, M. T., Chanock, S. J., Vermeulen, M., Amundadottir, L Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research