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Total 482 results found since Jan 2013.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Ductile Targets in Disease
Discussion MDSCs violently emerge in pathological conditions in an attempt to limit potentially harmful immune and inflammatory responses. Mechanisms supporting their expansion and survival are deeply investigated in cancer, in the perspective to reactivate specific antitumor responses and prevent their contribution to disease evolution. These findings will likely contribute to improve the targeting of MDSCs in anticancer immunotherapies, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. New evidence indicates that the expansion of myeloid cell differentiation in pathology is subject to fine-tuning, as its...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Human Gut-Associated Natural Killer Cells in Health and Disease
Alessandro Poggi1*, Roberto Benelli2, Roberta Venè1, Delfina Costa1, Nicoletta Ferrari1, Francesca Tosetti1 and Maria Raffaella Zocchi3 1Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 2Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 3Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, they can recognize molecules induced at the cell surface by stress signals...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Transfer of peanut allergy from donor to recipient after liver transplant.
Authors: Aggarwal A, Balogun R, Carr TF, Desai AP, Jie T, Pan JJ Abstract 31 years old female with a history of contact dermatitis, eczema, allergic rhinitis, pernicious anemia, alopecia areata and latent tuberculosis was treated concurrently with methotrexate along with isoniazid and pyridoxine. Five months into the therapy she developed acute onset jaundice progressing into fulminant liver failure with altered mentation and worsening liver function tests. Extensive workup including serological and histopathological evaluation revealed drug-induced liver injury as the etiology of her liver failure and she underwen...
Source: Annals of Hepatology - May 1, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Ann Hepatol Source Type: research

Friend or Foe: The Protective and Pathological Roles of Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Pulmonary Diseases.
Abstract Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure that resembles secondary lymphoid organs. iBALT is induced in the lung in response to Ag exposure. In some cases, such as infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the formation of iBALT structure is indicative of an effective protective immune response. However, with persistent exposure to Ags during chronic inflammation, allergy, or autoimmune diseases, iBALT may be associated with exacerbation of inflammation. iBALT is characterized by well-organized T and B areas enmeshed with conventional dendritic cells, follicul...
Source: Journal of Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marin ND, Dunlap MD, Kaushal D, Khader SA Tags: J Immunol Source Type: research

The Differentiation in vitro of Human Tonsil B Cells With the Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of T-bet+ Atypical Memory B Cells in Malaria
This study was conducted in the rural village of Kalifabougou, Mali where intense P. falciparum transmission occurs from June to December each year. Isolation of Tonsil B Cells Tonsils were mechanically disrupted in complete RPMI (RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1% MEM nonessential amino acids, 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5 [all from GIBCO, Invitrogen]) and passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to make a single cell suspension. B cells were then negatively selecte...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The CXXC Motifs Are Essential for the Function of BosR in Borrelia burgdorferi
Discussion Structure-function analyses of numerous Fur proteins have revealed that Fur binds its target DNA as a dimer. Protein dimerization requires Zn, which is coordinated via the structural S1 site in the dimerization domain of Fur proteins. To date, it has been clearly demonstrated that different geometry and amino acid residues are used by Fur protein for coordinating Zn in the S1 site (Pohl et al., 2003; Lee and Helmann, 2006; Pecqueur et al., 2006; Traoré et al., 2006, 2009; Lucarelli et al., 2007; Ahmad et al., 2009; An et al., 2009; Carpenter et al., 2009; Jacquamet et al., 2009; Sheikh and Taylor, 2009;...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Cellular Immune Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 6123) and the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee (REC ref. 11/10/1760, IRAS ID: 77765), with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the LSHTM Research Ethics Committee and the NRES London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee. Author Contributions JC, HD, LN, EL, and ER devised the study ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Associations of < b > < i > P2X7 < /i > < /b > Polymorphisms with the Odds of Tuberculosis: A Meta-Analysis
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that rs1718119 polymorphism may serve as a potential biological marker of TB in Asians and the rs3751143 polymorphism as a potential biological marker of TB in Caucasians.Int Arch Allergy Immunol
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Promoter Regions of Intellectual Disability-Associated Genes Are Uniquely Enriched in LTR Sequences of the MER41 Primate-Specific Endogenous Retrovirus: An Evolutionary Connection Between Immunity and Cognition
Discussion We have found that, in the human genome, the promoter regions of ID-associated genes are uniquely enriched in MER41 LTRs. More specifically, nine ID-associated genes that are putatively important in cognitive evolution exhibit MER41 LTRs in their promoter regions. As more than 100 families of HERV are integrated into our genome, it was important to determine whether our findings are specific to MER41 and to ID-associated genes, and if so to what extent. Among the 133 families of HERV explored here, MER41 is the only family whose LTRs were found with statistically high frequency in the promoter regions of ID-ass...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Autophagy Limits Inflammasome During Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection
In this study we found blocking autophagy led to increased CP growth in both macrophages and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In vivo, loss of the autophagy elongation component ATG16L1 specifically in myeloid cells led to increased mortality in response to CP infection, characterized by greater numbers of neutrophils and dendritic cells, but no change in the CP burden in the lungs. This was accompanied by an increase in inflammasome-active macrophages and IL-1β production. While induction of autophagy in macrophages led to reduced CP growth in vitro, in vivo treatment with rapamycin led to increased mortality of infec...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Expanding Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Informatics, Bioinformatics, and Data Science Training Programs in Mali
Conclusion Bioinformatics and data science training programs in developing countries necessitate incremental and collaborative strategies for their feasible and sustainable development. The progress described here covered decades of collaborative efforts centered on training and research on computationally intensive topics. These efforts laid the groundwork and platforms conducive for hosting a bioinformatics and data science training program in Mali. Training programs are perhaps best facilitated through Africa’s university systems as they are perhaps best positioned to maintain core resources during lapses in sho...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Dietary Vitamin D3 Deficiency Increases Resistance to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Infection in Mice
Conclusion Altogether, our results indicate that dietary VitD deficiency is able to decrease lesion growth and provide an increase in Th1 response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice upon L. (L.) amazonensis infection, although it does not decrease parasite burden in either of the murine models used. Thus, VitD may contribute to host susceptibility to murine tegumentary leishmaniasis. Further studies on the influence of immunonutrition in the leishmaniases are needed to better understand the immunobiology of these diseases. Author Contributions HdMG conceived and designed the experiments. GO-S, DB, MM, JEP, JCP, TR, AdF-M, and L...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The Pivotal Role of Regulatory T Cells in the Regulation of Innate Immune Cells
This study was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Manitoba Health Research Council. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References 1. Sprent J, Kishimoto H. The thymus and central tolerance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. (2001) 356:609–16. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0846 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 2. Sakaguchi S, Wing K, Miyara M. Regulatory T cells - a brief history and perspective...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Editorial: Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens
Steven M. Varga1 and Andrea J. Sant2* 1Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States2Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Rochester, NY, United States Editorial on the Research Topic Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens This issue of Frontiers deals with the complex series of events and long-term consequences of immune responses to respiratory pathogens. In this issue, the contributors discuss the earliest events following infection, the alternative paths that the adaptive immune response can take an...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Tuberculosis -- United States, 2018 Tuberculosis -- United States, 2018
This report looks at current trends in TB incidence in the US.Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Infectious Diseases Journal Article Source Type: news