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Total 415 results found since Jan 2013.

Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan
Conclusion Autoimmune disease states show strong associations with endocrinological changes in human and animal studies. There is clear evidence for the role of sex steroids in the immune disturbances that result in autoimmune diseases (Figure 2). The majority of women who pass through the different endocrinological transition states do not succumb to autoimmune diseases. FIGURE 2 Figure 2. Factors that contribute to increased incidence and prevalence of autoimmunity in women. In women (46XX) with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune states, external environmental stimuli affect modifying factors as well as endo...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 28, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Functional Antibody Responses Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for TP53 Mutant pre-B-ALL in a Patient With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
Discussion This case demonstrates successful cure of pre-B-ALL complicating XLA by alloSCT with restoration of B-cell development and functional antibody response. We are aware of only one previous case of pre-B-ALL in an XLA patient (21), which suggests that human BTK deficiency in itself does not predispose to pre-B-ALL. However, there are data to suggest that BTK may act as a tumor suppressor, and BTK deficiency may predispose to tumor development following a “second hit.” Mice with a genetic deficiency in Slp65, a gene encoding an adaptor protein that functions together with BTK, have a block in proge...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

LAIR-1 Limits Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation
In conclusion, the immune inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 suppresses neutrophil tissue migration and acts as a negative regulator of neutrophil-driven airway inflammation during lung diseases. Following our recent observations in humans, this study provides crucial in-vivo evidence that LAIR-1 is a promising target for pharmacological intervention in such pathologies. Introduction The lungs are constantly exposed to potential pathogens and other harmful agents. To protect against sudden incursions, neutrophils patrol the lung capillaries. A rapid and robust neutrophil response is crucial to antimicrobial defense (1, 2). N...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Analysis of the Effect and Mechanism of Qi-Jing-Sheng-Bai Granule on Leucopenia in Mice
Conclusion In summary, our data reveal the therapeutic mechanism of QJSB by integrative application of transcriptomics-based network pharmacology and metabolomics technologies. QJSB exerts protective effect against leucopenia in mice through participating in multi-pathways, mainly including accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, regulating metabolism response pathways and modulating immunologic function. Ethics Statement All animal studies were performed according to the institutional ethical guidelines of animal care and were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Second Mili...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Single Inhaler LABA/LAMA for COPD
Conclusions of that meta-analysis should be interpreted with great caution because of differences in population studied, and differences in primary and co-primary outcomes. A recent comparison meta-analysis was not conclusive due to the heterogeneity of phase III studies and the few number of studies for some of the investigated drugs (ACL/FF and GLY/FF in particular), but confirmed that dual bronchodilation was always more effective than LABA or LAMA alone, both in lung function and quality of life indices (Calzetta et al., 2016). This meta-analysis suggested that among the different FDCs may exist a gradient of effectiv...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Insights Into Dolphins' Immunology: Immuno-Phenotypic Study on Mediterranean and Atlantic Stranded Cetaceans
This study was aimed at implementing the knowledge on the immune response in cetaceans stranded along the Italian coastline to provide a baseline useful for assessing the immune status of bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) dolphins. In particular, since the Mediterranean Sea is considered a heavily polluted basin, a comparison with animals living in open waters such as the Atlantic Ocean was made. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen, thymus, and lymph node tissues from 16 animals stranded along Italian and 11 cetaceans from the Canary Island shores were sampled within 48 h from death. ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Anaphylaxis in Elderly Patients —Data From the European Anaphylaxis Registry
Conclusion: Anaphylaxis in the elderly is often caused by insect venoms and drugs. These patients suffer more often from cardiovascular symptoms, receive more frequently adrenaline and require more often hospitalization. The data indicate that anaphylaxis in the elderly tends to be more frequently life threatening and patients require intensified medical intervention. The data support the need to recognize anaphylaxis in this patient group, which is prone to be at a higher risk for a fatal outcome. Introduction The incidence of anaphylaxis, which may occur at any age, is rising in Western countries (1, 2). While life...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Focused Ultrasound Improves NK-92MI Cells Infiltration Into Tumors
Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated that the combination of FUS and microbubbles could increase the NK-92MI cells’ infiltration into tumors in this study. The combination of FUS and NK-92MI had a much better therapeutic effect when compared with the PBS group, but no superior therapeutic effect when compared with the NK-92MI group. In total, FUS and microbubbles can improve NK cells’ infiltration into tumors, but future work is still needed to improve NK-92MI cells’ delivery efficiency for solid tumor treatment. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Keeping Athletes Healthy at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Games: Considerations and Illness Prevention Strategies
Conclusion It is apparent that athletes will be exposed to various stressors during both the preparatory and competition phases of the Summer Games. Athletes residing in the southern hemisphere appear to be at increased risk for illness during the preparatory phase, while female, Paralympic, water-sport and multi-competition/event athletes may be more susceptible to illness during the competition phase of the Summer Games. To maintain athlete health, illness prevention strategies should be targeted to stressors and at-risk athletes. Keeping athletes healthy will contribute to optimal Olympic and Paralympic athletic perfor...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

ST18 Enhances PV-IgG-Induced Loss of Keratinocyte Cohesion in Parallel to Increased ERK Activation
Discussions Autoantibodies targeting Dsg1 and Dsg3 are pathogenic and cause blister formation by inducing structural desmosomal changes in the skin of PV patients (42). However, the mechanisms underlying disease development and the factors enhancing its manifestation have not yet been fully elucidated. Secondary factors promoting severity of the disease include non-Dsg antibodies (43) as well as genetic alterations such as recently reported ST18 SNPs (29–31) and may also entail keratinocyte-derived cytokine release. Here, we investigate the effect of ST18 overexpression and cytokine secretion on PV-IgG mediated l...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A Comparison of Three Different Bioinformatics Analyses of the 16S –23S rRNA Encoding Region for Bacterial Identification
Conclusion The higher resolution at the species level identification provided by 16S–23S rRNA encoding region NGS makes its use in routine diagnostic microbiology potentially attractive. Particularly, data analysis is one of the most important steps of a diagnostic workflow, which requires an optimal pipeline for the interpretation of the sequencing data in a short time. This study demonstrates that de novo assembly and subsequent BLASTN analysis using an in-house developed database compared to OTU clustering and mapping approaches is the most accurate and fastest approach for identification of bacterial pathogens....
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Redundant in Experimental Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
In this study, we sought to further characterize ILC2s in the kidney, their location within this organ and determine their functional role in IRI using a loss-of-function approach. Here, we found that kidney ILC2s constitutively express IL-5 and are primarily located in close proximity to the renal vasculature, within the adventitia. Additionally, we demonstrate that a reduction, deficiency or depletion of ILC2s had minimal impact on the severity of IRI. Whilst activation of ILC2s and the associated amplification of local type 2 immunity has been previously shown to reduce the deleterious consequences of AKI, our results r...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Cellular Immune Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 6123) and the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee (REC ref. 11/10/1760, IRAS ID: 77765), with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the LSHTM Research Ethics Committee and the NRES London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee. Author Contributions JC, HD, LN, EL, and ER devised the study ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0318 Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Immunity and Metabolic Disorders in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed that the oral administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 normalized the parameters altered by CTX-induced toxicities, strengthening intestinal health by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, ameliorating the intestinal morphology and improving profiles of intestinal microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings suggested that the administration of L. plantarum KLDS1.0318 could be of significant advantage in reducing intestinal immunity impairment caused by cyclophosphamide. Ethics Statement This study was carried out according to the Animal Care Review Committee, Northeas...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The Antidepressant Mirtazapine Inhibits Hepatic Innate Immune Networks to Attenuate Immune-Mediated Liver Injury in Mice
Conclusion: Our data suggest that mirtazapine can attenuate hepatic innate immune responses that critically regulate the subsequent development of autoimmune liver injury. Therefore, given that it is a safe and widely used medication, mirtazapine may represent a novel therapeutic approach to autoimmune liver disease. Introduction Classically, autoimmune disease was considered a disorder of adaptive immunity (1). However, early innate immune responses are clearly important for driving subsequent adaptive immune responses in autoimmunity. In numerous autoimmune disease models, activation of resident tissue macrophages,...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research