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Psychosocial working conditions, asthma self-management at work and asthma morbidity: a cross-sectional study
ConclusionsAdverse psychosocial working conditions are associated with poorer asthma self-management behaviour at work and with increased asthma morbidity. The latter association may be mediated by asthma self-management behaviour.Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, registration number: DRK S00011309, date of registration: 22.12.2016.
Source: Clinical and Translational Allergy - May 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Skin Testing Helpful in Patients With Radiocontrast-Media Hypersensitivity Skin Testing Helpful in Patients With Radiocontrast-Media Hypersensitivity
Skin testing can be used to differentiate allergy from non-allergic reactions in patients with hypersensitivity to radiocontrast media (RCM) and to identify an alternative, safe RCM, researchers from Germany report.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - May 7, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Allergy & Clinical Immunology News Source Type: news
Combining Understanding of Immunological Mechanisms and Genetic Variants Toward Development of Personalized Medicine for Psoriasis Patients
Conclusion
Although GWAS contributed insight into the utility of the genotype biomarker to treatment selection, adequately powered prospective studies will be required before clinical application of pharmacogenomics can become a reality. Genotype and phenotype assessment should be facilitated by the availability of detailed molecular analyses and data integration. Careful assessment of prospective GWAS data is essential to integrate findings into the clinical decision-making process, and thereby optimizing the treatment of patients with psoriasis in the future.
Author Contributions
BY, NG, and WY performed the project. ...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
PARP-14 Promotes Survival of Mammalian α but Not β Pancreatic Cells Following Cytokine Treatment
Conclusion
This study must be seen as a first piece of a puzzle where PARP-14, JNKs and PJ-34 play key roles in the pancreatic microenvironment and provide starting points from which to explore further.
Author Contributions
VS-P conceived the project and designed the experiments together with MP and CD. MR and FD performed molecular experiments as RT-PCR and western analysis. CS and MS performed confocal analysis. FD, NM, and VB performed cytofluorimetric analysis. FD and MC were in charge of cell culture and treatment. FD performed computational and statistical data analysis, together with AT-S. VS-P and FD wrote the p...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - May 2, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Current Clinical Trials in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
Conclusions
The clinical trials discussed here, which include several trials investigating novel therapeutic targets, demonstrate that translational research in pemphigus and pemphigoid is a fast-growing field. We thus expect that several novel treatments will be shortly available for the treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid patients. Given the high, and thus far unmet, medical need in this field (110), this is highly encouraging and will hopefully improve the quality of life of the affected patients. In addition to the compounds and targets described here, several new targets have been recently identified in preclinical...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The Transcriptome of the Salivary Glands of Amblyomma aureolatum Reveals the Antimicrobial Peptide Microplusin as an Important Factor for the Tick Protection Against Rickettsia rickettsii Infection
Conclusion
In conclusion, our data show that R. rickettsii exerts a modulatory effect on the transcriptional profile the SG of A. aureolatum. Moreover, RNAi experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of one microplusin increases the susceptibility of ticks to infection, suggesting that this is one important factor for the control of R. rickettsii. The functional characterization of the additional CDSs modulated by infection is warranted and might reveal other factors that interfere with the acquisition and/or transmission of this tick-borne pathogen.
Ethics Statement
All procedures involving vertebrate animals were car...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 2, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Intrathecal IgG Synthesis Linked to Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis Intrathecal IgG Synthesis Linked to Disability Worsening in Multiple Sclerosis
Intrathecal IgG synthesis is associated with higher risk of and shorter time to disability worsening in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), according to findings from the German Competence Network of Multiple Sclerosis.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Neurology & Neurosurgery News Source Type: news
Loss-of-Function in SMAD4 Might Not Be Critical for Human Natural Killer Cell Responsiveness to TGF- β
This study was carried out in accordance with approval of the Melbourne Health and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research's Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: 2013.081). All subjects gave written informed consent for participation and publication.
Results and Discussion
TGF-β signaling in NK cells is associated with: phosphorylation in SMAD2 and 3, inhibition of IL-15-induced metabolism/proliferation, simultaneous downregulation of CD44, CD49e, and Eomes, and upregulation of CD16 and CD49a expression (7, 10). SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) belongs to the SMAD family of transcript...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes
In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment.
Introduction
The homeostasis of humoral immunity requires a tight control of generation, survival, activation and maturation of B lymphocytes. Therefore, pro-survival and pro-apo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Leukocyte Heparanase: A Double-Edged Sword in Tumor Progression
Conclusions
This review describes how leukocyte-heparanase can be a double-edged sword in tumor progression; it can enhance tumor immune surveillance and tumor cell clearance, but also promote tumor survival and growth. We also discuss the potential of using heparanase in leukocyte therapies against tumors, and the effects of heparanase inhibitors on tumor progression and immunity.
We are just beginning to understand the influence of heparanase on a pro/anti-tumor immune response, and there are still many questions to answer. How do the pro/anti-tumorigenic effects of heparanase differ across different cancer types? Does...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 29, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Bat Cells Are Broadly Susceptible to Tibrovirus Particle Cell Entry
Discussion
Tibroviruses are highly undercharacterized rhabdoviruses with unknown pathogenic potential. All isolated tibroviruses (BAV, BHV, CPV, SWBV, and TIBV) have only been found in biting midge vectors or in various, apparently healthy non-human mammals (Cybinski et al., 1980; Standfast et al., 1984; Cybinski and Gard, 1986; Gibbs et al., 1989). The discovery of BASV, EKV-1, and EKV-2 genomes in human sera (Grard et al., 2012; Stremlau et al., 2015) suggests that at least some tibroviruses could infect humans. Because BASV was discovered in the serum of a severely ill individual, tibroviruses should be considered pote...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Functional Antibody Responses Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for TP53 Mutant pre-B-ALL in a Patient With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
Discussion
This case demonstrates successful cure of pre-B-ALL complicating XLA by alloSCT with restoration of B-cell development and functional antibody response.
We are aware of only one previous case of pre-B-ALL in an XLA patient (21), which suggests that human BTK deficiency in itself does not predispose to pre-B-ALL. However, there are data to suggest that BTK may act as a tumor suppressor, and BTK deficiency may predispose to tumor development following a “second hit.” Mice with a genetic deficiency in Slp65, a gene encoding an adaptor protein that functions together with BTK, have a block in proge...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Negatively Regulates the Oxidative Burst in Human Neutrophils
In conclusion, we unraveled a mechanism of immune evasion of Kpn KPC ST258, which may contribute to design more effective strategies for the treatment of these multi-resistant bacterial infections.
Introduction
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) is a Gram-negative pathogen causing a wide range of infections from urinary tract infections to pneumonia. Kpn is a member of the so-called ESKAPE group of microorganisms, a term that emphasizes the fact that they effectively “escape” the effects of antibacterial drugs (1). Antimicrobial resistance is a significant problem for the treatment of infectious diseases cau...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
Nyambayar Dashtsoodol1,2*, Sabrina Bortoluzzi1 and Marc Schmidt-Supprian1*
1Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Comorbidities and the impact of atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects children and adults. Several international studies examined the incidence of AD and found a broad range across different countries and periods of observation (from 2,150 per 100,000 person-years in Denmark 1997-20111 to 17,600 per 100,000 person-years in Germany 19972. While no studies examined the incidence of AD in the United States (US), several studies explored AD prevalence. The US prevalence of AD was 12% (2012 National Health Interview Survey [NHIS]) to 13% (2007-2008 National Survey of Children ’s Health [NSCH]) in children (age
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jonathan I. Silverberg Tags: Review Source Type: research
