Reprogramming Alone is Not Sufficient
Epigenetic reprogramming is a process of exposing cells to the Yamanaka factors for a long enough period of time to shift their epigenome towards that found in youthful tissues, but not for so long as to cause any meaningful number of them to change state into pluripotent stem cells. It is an attempt to reproduce aspects of the cellular rejuvenation that occurs in the initial stages of embryogenesis, without harming the functional specialization of the cells so altered. It works surprisingly well in animal studies, considering all of the very reasonable a priori objections as to why we should believe that such an embryonic...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 18, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Winter Short: Mitochondria, Platelets, Golgi, & Green Pens TAPP 127
Episode 127 is one of ourwinter shorts, where I replay interesting segments from previous episodes. In this one, you ' ll hear about the role ofplatelets in immunity, how theGolgi apparatus gets its weird shape, exactlyhow hot mitochondria get, and why we may want to consider marking assignments and tests with agreen pen, rather than a red one.00:00 | Introduction01:07 | Mitochondria02:29 | Platelets07:15 | Sponsored by AAA, HAPI, and HAPS08:49 | Golgi Apparatus13:51 | Green Pens16:20 | Staying Connected ★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to:theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-127.html🏅...
Source: The A and P Professor - November 18, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Kevin Patton Source Type: blogs
Science Snippet: ATP ’s Amazing Power
ATP (yellow) powering a protein (blue) that moves material within cells and helps them divide. Credit: Charles Sindelar, Yale University.
Just as electricity powers almost every modern gadget, the tiny molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the major source of energy for organisms’ biochemical reactions. ATP stores energy in the chemical bonds that hold its three phosphate groups together—the triphosphate part of its name. In the human body, ATP powers processes such as cell signaling, muscle contraction, nerve firing, and DNA and RNA synthesis. Because our cells are constantly using and producing ATP, each of us t...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - November 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Cells Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Molecular Structures Cellular Processes Science Snippet Source Type: blogs
How Mitochondria Selectively Remove Damaged Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA becomes damaged more readily than nuclear DNA, as the systems of DNA repair in mitochondria are less effective, and the DNA structures are less well protected. Some forms of mitochondrial DNA damage can cause mitochondria to become dysfunction while also replicating more efficiently than their peers, leading to pathological cells overtaken by pathological mitochondria that cause damage to their surroundings. As an opposing force, there appear to be ways in which mitochondria can selectively eliminate damaged DNA under some circumstances. Can these mechanisms be meaningfully enhanced to reduce mitochondria...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
A Commentary on Mitophagy
Mitophagy is the process of selecting and breaking down worn mitochondria. There are hundreds of mitochondria in every cell, and regular removal of damaged mitochondrial followed by replacement through replication of viable mitochondria is needed in order to prevent harm to cell functions. Unfortunately, mitophagy appears to become less effective with age, for a variety of reasons, including changes in mitochondrial dynamics, and failures in broader autophagic processes responsible for moving mitochondria to a lysosome for enzymatic deconstruction. Numerous research groups aim to produce small molecule drugs or supplements...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, November 14th 2022
In this study, we show that TXNIP is vital for the cell fate choice when cells are challenged by various stress signals. Furthermore, prolonged IGF1 treatment leads to the establishment of a premature senescence phenotype characterized by a unique senescence network signature. Combined IGF1/TXNIP-induced premature senescence can be associated with a typical secretory inflammatory phenotype that is mediated by STAT3/IL-1A signaling. Finally, these mechanistic insights might help with the understanding of basic aspects of IGF1-related pathologies in the clinical setting.
Investigating the Ability of Type 2 Diabetes...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 13, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Considering Mitophagy in the Aging Nervous System
Mitophagy is the selective version of autophagy focused on recycling mitochondria. Every cell contains hundreds of mitochondria, their primary responsibility the generation of chemical energy store molecules to power cellular processes. Mitochondria are the descendants of ancient symbiotic bacteria. They lead dynamic lives, replicating like bacteria, passing component parts around, and fusing together. Mitophagy is a quality control mechanism, removing damaged mitochondria in order to prevent cellular dysfunction. A good deal of evidence suggests that age-related declines in mitochondrial function are in large part caused ...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 8, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 31st 2022
This study used mice to evaluate how their lifestyles - eating fatty foods vs. healthy and exercising vs. not - affected the metabolites of their offspring. Metabolites are substances made or used when the body breaks down food, drugs or chemicals, or its own fat or muscle tissue. "We have previously shown that maternal and paternal exercise improve health of offspring. Tissue and serum metabolites play a fundamental role in the health of an organism, but how parental exercise affects offspring tissue and serum metabolites has not yet been investigated."
Researchers used targeted metabolomics - the study of metaboli...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 30, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Towards Direct Reprogramming of Heart Fibroblasts into Cardiomyocytes
A promising approach to inducing regeneration from injury and age-related fibrosis in the heart is the reprogramming of fibroblast cells into heart muscle cells, cardiomyocytes. Like all such efforts, much of the work lies in establishing the recipe of regulatory signals needed to produce the desired outcome. The research results reported here are an illustrative example, representative of programs taking place in many laboratories, in which scientists are attempting to improve on the discovered forms of reprogramming in order to make them efficient enough to be useful as a basis for regenerative therapies.
Mammal...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 28, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging Muscles
With advancing age, muscle tissue loses mass and strength, leading to sarcopenia and frailty. A range of mechanisms are thought to contribute to this progressive degeneration, but researchers here suggest that the preventative focus for muscle aging should be placed on ways to reduce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These two aspects of aging go hand in hand, linked by a number of different mechanisms, such as the level of damage and altered behavior of mitochondria in cells. Both oxidative stress and inflammation change cell behavior for the worse, and in muscle tissue it may be that reduced activity in the stem...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 25, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 24th 2022
This study shows the uncoupling of lifespan and healthspan parameters (aerobic fitness and spontaneous activity) and provides new insights into SIRT3 function in CR adaptation, fuel utilization, and aging.
HDL Level, Age, and Smoking are the Largest Determinants of Mortality Risk in Old People
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/10/hdl-level-age-and-smoking-are-the-largest-determinants-of-mortality-risk-in-old-people/
An interesting epidemiological study here stratifies the contributions of various metrics to mortality in later life, age 70 and older. The authors find that the largest effects arise...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 23, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
What is Eisenmenger syndrome? Cardiology Basics
Eisenmenger syndrome is a late complication of congenital heart diseases with large left to right shunts. Fortunately, it is rare now-a-days because most conditions which can cause Eisenmenger syndrome later, are detected by neonatal screening and treated early so that this complication does not develop later. Eisenmenger syndrome is a condition in which long standing high pulmonary blood flow leads to irreversible pulmonary hypertension with reversal of shunt. Right to left shunt causes reduced systemic oxygen saturation with cyanosis.
This is an echocardiogram showing a left to right shunt from the left ventricle to the...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 20, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Notes from the Rejuvenation Startup Summit, Held in Berlin in October 2022
We presented recent results showing reversal of liver inflammation and fibrosis in NASH model mice, and noted that we're raising funds to start our clinical development program leading to human trials. Therapies to reverse atherosclerosis progression will follow shortly on the heels of this work on NASH.
Robin Mansukhani of Deciduous Therapeutics discussed their approach to immune system modulation via small molecules, training invariant natural killer cells to attack senescent cells. The point was made that engaging the immune system may be a way to work around many of the present unknowns regarding senescent cell ...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 19, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Healthy Life Extension Community Source Type: blogs
SIRT3 Knockout Increases Life Extension Resulting from Calorie Restriction
This study shows the uncoupling of lifespan and healthspan parameters (aerobic fitness and spontaneous activity) and provides new insights into SIRT3 function in CR adaptation, fuel utilization, and aging.
Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13721 (Source: Fight Aging!)
Source: Fight Aging! - October 17, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 17th 2022
This study investigated whether multimorbidity is associated with incident dementia and whether associations vary by different clusters of disease and genetic risk for dementia. The study used data from the UK Biobank cohort, with baseline data collected between 2006 and 2010 and with up to 15 years of follow-up. Participants included women and men without dementia and aged at least 60 years at baseline. The presence of at least 2 long-term conditions from a preselected list of 42 conditions was used to define multimorbidity.
A total of 206,960 participants (mean age 64.1 years) were included in the final sample, of...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
