What is a perimembranous VSD? Cardiology Basics
Perimembranous VSD is the commonest type of ventricular septal defect. When there is a ventricular septal defect, blood shunts from the left ventricle to the right ventricle as the pressure in the left ventricle is higher. This leads to increased pulmonary blood flow. VSD usually occurs as a congenital defect, though it can rarely occur in the adult after a myocardial infarction due to rupture of the ventricular septum. If the VSD is large, high pulmonary blood flow increases the amount of blood returning to the left atrium and left ventricle through the pulmonary veins. This volume overloading of the left ventricle can l...
Source: Cardiophile MD - October 14, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johnson Francis Tags: General Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Mitochondrial Stress Provokes Inflammation via Fragments of Mitochondrial DNA
A large body of evidence links mitochondrial dysfunction with chronic inflammation. These are both features of aging, but it appears that dysfunctional, stressed mitochondria are a meaningful cause of inflammatory signaling. Mitochondria can generate molecular fragments, such as pieces of mitochondrial DNA, that are recognized as potentially threatening by the innate immune system. These damage-associated molecular patterns are present in much greater amounts in old tissues, and the immune system reacts to them to produce lasting, unresolved inflammation, harmful to tissue function rather than protective.
In today's...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 12, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 10th 2022
Fight Aging! publishes news and commentary relevant to the goal of ending all age-related disease, to be achieved by bringing the mechanisms of aging under the control of modern medicine. This weekly newsletter is sent to thousands of interested subscribers. To subscribe or unsubscribe from the newsletter,
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Longevity Industry Consulting Services
Reason, the founder of Fight Aging! and Repair Biotechnologies, offers strategic consulting services to investors, entrepreneurs, and others interested in the longevity industry and its complexities. To find out m...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 9, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Reviewing Changes to the Actin Cytoskeleton in Aging and their Possible Consequences
Near every system within the body and within cells undergoes some form of change and degeneration with advancing age. A vast amount of work could be carried out by the research community, for decades yet, in order to provide even a high level understanding of how every cellular component changes with age, as well as the relationships between them, as one form of dysfunction causes others. The paper here offers an example of this sort of investigation, discussing the actin cytoskeleton in the context of aging, a structure that allows cells to control shape and movement.
At some point, more of the scientific impulse t...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 7, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Magnetic Fields Modestly Extend Life in Nematode Worms via Effects on Mitochondrial Function
Electromagnetic effects on cellular biochemistry, and their potential use as interventions, are little studied in comparison to the use of pharmaceutical agents. That state of affairs shows little sign of changing in the near future, despite the existence of interesting studies on regeneration, or this one on the longevity of nematodes. Researchers pin down a potential mechanism to explain how a magnetic field can alter the activities of cells in ways that modestly extend life in this short-lived species. It is worth noting that nematode life span is very plastic in response to circumstances and interventions. Approaches t...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 6, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 3rd 2022
In conclusion, based on the analysis of proteomics and transcriptome, we identified four SRMs that may affect aging and speculated their possible mechanisms, which provides a new target for preventing aging, especially skin aging.
A Popular Science Article on the State of Epigenetic Clocks
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/09/a-popular-science-article-on-the-state-of-epigenetic-clocks/
This popular science article is a good view of the present state of development and use of epigenetic clocks, covering the issues as well as the promise. Epigenetic age can be measured, with many different clocks...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 2, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Oocyte Mitophagy in Reproductive Aging
We examined the requirements for mitochondrial fusion and fission in oocytes of both wild-type worms and the long-lived, long-reproducing insulin-like receptor mutant daf-2. We find that normal reproduction requires both fusion and fission, but that daf-2 mutants utilize a shift towards fission, but not fusion, to extend their reproductive span and oocyte health.
daf-2 mutant oocytes' mitochondria are punctate (fissioned) and this morphology is primed for mitophagy, as loss of the mitophagy regulator PINK-1 shortens daf-2's reproductive span. daf-2 mutants maintain oocyte mitochondria quality with age at least in pa...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 29, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, September 19th 2022
Conclusion
Use of the Khavinson peptides and melatonin in combination in this way, at this dose, negatively impacts the thymus, producing a reduction in active tissue and increase in atrophy to fatty tissue. The degree to which this atrophy occurred is greater than one would expect to take place over nine months of aging at this stage of life.
Why did this outcome occur, given the animal studies showing thymic regrowth, and the studies showing reduced later life mortality following use of thymogen? We can only speculate. Firstly, the dose makes the poison, and the dosing here may have been too high, too frequ...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 18, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
SENS Research Foundation Annual Reports for 2022
The SENS Research Foundation has published its annual reports for 2022, for those interested. SENS, the Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence, is both (a) a laundry list of forms of cell and tissue damage that cause aging, with supporting evidence from the past century of scientific research into aging, and (b) a laundry list methods of intervention that should produce rejuvenation. Aging is damage accumulation, and rejuvenation is repair of that damage.
Funding for SENS programs, and initiatives to produce therapies based on the SENS view of damage repair, remain as relevant as ever. In fact, even more re...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 14, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Healthy Life Extension Community Source Type: blogs
The Aging Brain Benefits from Exercise
Regular moderate exercise is well known and well established to be beneficial to long term health in many ways. Lack of exercise is actively harmful to long term health, on the other hand. Researchers here add another correlation between exercise and brain health, in that the size of functional areas of the brain is larger in those who do exercise, providing more of a protective buffer against the onset of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Which of the numerous mechanisms connecting exercise and brain function are most important in this effect remains an open question, though the data in this study suggests t...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 12, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, September 12th 2022
Discussion of Present Drug Development to Target Senescent Cells
Targeting Senescent Cells to Better Address Cancer and Consequences of Cancer Therapy
Calorie Restriction Suppresses Generation of Immune Cells via Changes to the Gut Microbiome
Arguing for an Expansion of the Hallmarks of Aging
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/09/arguing-for-an-expansion-of-the-hallmarks-of-aging/
The hallmarks of aging form a catalog of largely better studied changes in cells and tissues considered relevant, and possibly more important, in the onset and development of age-related degeneration and disease. Thi...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 11, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
The Benefits of Exercise as the Results of Hormesis
Exercise modestly slows aging. In humans epidemiological data only allows for the establishment of correlation between physical activity and measures of aging and mortality. Animal data, however, shows that regular exercise modestly slows aging to an extent that improves long-term health, increasing healthspan without extending maximum life span. It is not as impressive as the effects of calorie restriction on life span, but the effects on health along the way are not all that dissimilar in nature.
In today's open access paper, the authors present a view of exercise and aging that is essentially hormetic in nature. ...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 9, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, September 5th 2022
Conclusion
Coupled with the animal data, and the existing human trial data for safety, the results here suggests that someone should run a formal, controlled trial of flagellin immunization in older people, 65 and over. The goal would be to see whether (a) this sort of outcome holds up in a larger group of people, and (b) there is a meaningful impact on chronic inflammation and other parameters of health that are known to be affected by the aging of the gut microbiome.
The most interesting part of the data is perhaps the decline in microbial diversity, when considered against the gains elsewhere. Microbial dive...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 4, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Mitochondrial Mutator Mice Exhibit Accelerated Nuclear DNA Damage
Mice in which the POLG genek critical to repair of mitochondrial DNA, is disabled via genetic engineering exhibit accelerated aging. Researchers here show that these mice also show an accelerated rate of nuclear DNA damage and shorter telomere length. Telomeres shorten with each cell division in somatic cells, eventually reaching the Hayflick limit and senescence or programmed cell death, while stem cells produce daughter cells with long telomeres to replace losses. Average telomere length is thus, loosely, a measure of stem cell function, though since it is normally measured in immune cells from a blood sample, it also re...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 30, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, August 29th 2022
This study demonstrates that adoptive astrocytic Mt transfer enhances neuronal Mn-SOD-mediated anti-oxidative defense and neuroplasticity in the brain, which potentiate functional recovery following ICH.
First Generation Stem Cell Therapies Remain Comparatively Poorly Understood
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/08/first-generation-stem-cell-therapies-remain-comparatively-poorly-understood/
We are something like thirty years into the increasingly widespread use of first generation stem cell therapies. Cells are derived from a variety of sources, processed, and transplanted into patients. Near all...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 28, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
