Differentiating New from Newly Detected: Melioidosis in Yap, Federated States of Micronesia.
Abstract
Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by exposure to water or soil that contains Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp). Burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic to many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In 2013, the first case of melioidosis was recognized in Yap, the Federated States of Micronesia. Six additional cases were identified in the subsequent 3 years. An investigation was initiated to understand the epidemiology of melioidosis in Yap. Serum from family and community members of the identified cases were tested for antibodies to Bp. Archived serum from a 2007 Zika serosurvey were al...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - June 30, 2019 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Nolen LD, Lirow E, Gee JE, Elrod MG, Kolton CB, Liu L, Bower WA, Person MK, Marfel M, Blaney DD Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research
The Recent Epidemic Spread of Zika Virus Disease
Uirusu. 2018;68(1):1-12. doi: 10.2222/jsv.68.1.ABSTRACTZika virus (ZIKV) is one of the members of the Spondweni serocomplex within the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. The virus was first isolated from a serum specimen from a sentinel non-human primate in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947. ZIKV is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus in an urban cycle and maintained in a sylvatic cycle between Aedes mosquitoes and monkeys in Africa and Asia. Initially, the virus was thought to cause only mild and nonspecific clinical symptoms in humans. However, ZIKV became a serious public health concern in recent ye...
Source: Uirusu. Journal of Virology - May 21, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Chang-Kweng Lim Source Type: research
Global Health Outreach by United States Ophthalmology Residency Programs: Understanding of Host Country Systems-Based Practice.
CONCLUSION: From the small sample of program directors, Ophthalmology residency program global health outreach varies in faculty and resident participation, and in goals and services offered. In addition, there was a wide variation in ophthalmology program director understanding of host country systems of care.
PMID: 31038165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Military Medicine)
Source: Military Medicine - May 2, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Mil Med Source Type: research
The Human Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium Is Susceptible to Flaviviruses
In this study, we exposed apically well-differentiated human NECs cultured at the ALI to the related flaviviruses ZIKV, JEV, WNV, and Usutu virus (USUV). We selected these viruses due to the recent increasing evidences of potential threat to humans (Cadar et al., 2017; Simonin et al., 2018). We show that NECs are particularly susceptible to JEV and WNV infection and to other flaviviruses included in this study. Infection with each virus led to shedding of infectious virus particles through the apical and basolateral surfaces and triggered host mechanisms at the level of inflammatory and antiviral mediators....
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Serum Alteration of Plasmalogens in Patients Infected With ZIKA Virus
Discussion
Our strategy in this study was to compare the serum lipid profile between ZIKV patients and symptomatic controls that presented virus-like symptoms as fever, arthralgia, headache, exanthema, myalgia and pruritus. Retro-orbital pain and fever were the only clinical symptoms that significantly distinguished ZIKV and control groups (Table 1). A recent study by Melo et al. (2017) showed that the differences in metabolic and lipid profiles in serum of ZIKV patients are so pronounced that they can be differentiated from a control group composed of both healthy and symptomatic subjects. Thus, by using symptomatic pati...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 11, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Zika Virus Potentiates the Development of Neurological Defects and Microcephaly: Challenges and Control Strategies
Conclusions
Apart West Nile virus (78), thousands of congenital microcephaly cases, fetal brain tissue damage and neurological syndromes have been associated with ZIKV infection. Unfortunately, the epidemics of this mosquito born, and a relative stable virus is on a rise. Although congenital microcephaly is a rare disorder however, due to lack of standardized diagnostic test facilities, the incidence in the geographically widespread ZIKV epidemic regions is higher. Animals studies showed that ZIKV is a neurotropic virus. It directly targets the developing embryonic brain cells by inducing apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Notes From The Field: Mumps Outbreak in a Recently Vaccinated Population - Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, August-December, 2017.
PMID: 30703078 [PubMed - in process] (Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...)
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - February 1, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Authors: McKay SL, Kambui A, Taulung LA, Tippins A, Eckert M, Wharton AK, McNall RJ, Hickman C, Hancock WT, Apaisam C, Judicpa P, Patel M, Routh J Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research
Obesity: seize the day, fight the fat
Obesity is the global epidemic of the 21st century: about 1.5 billion adults worldwide are overweight, and among them, about 200 million men and 300 million women are obese [1]. In some countries, the prevalence of obesity has exceeded 50%, as in Tonga (men), and in Kuwait, Kiribati, Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga and Samoa (women) [2]. The prevalence of overweight and obesity are also increasing in children and adolescents in developed (about 25%) and in developing countries (about 13%) [2]. Obesity has been associated with many comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (N...
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - January 6, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Stergios A. Polyzos, Christos S. Mantzoros Source Type: research
Rod Monochromatism (Achromatopsia).
Authors: Tsang SH, Sharma T
Abstract
Rod monochromatism (achromatopsia) is a congenital cone photoreceptor disorder, which is rare, affecting about 1 in 30,000 individuals. These patients have normal rod function but no detectable cone function; therefore, everything they see is in shades of gray (total color blindness). Patients usually present in infancy with nystagmus and photophobia. Vision is usually about 20/200 or worse; patients have a hyperopic refractive error. Some patients show paradoxical pupillary response; that is, the pupils dilate in bright light. Fundus examination is normal, though pigme...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - December 25, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research
Assessment of Epidemiology Capacity in State Health Departments - United States, 2017.
Abstract
In 2017, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists performed its sixth periodic Epidemiology Capacity Assessment, a national assessment that evaluates trends in workforce size, funding, and epidemiology capacity among state health departments. A standardized web-based questionnaire was sent to the state epidemiologist in the 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and the U.S. territories and the Federated States of Micronesia inquiring about the number of current and optimal epidemiologist positions; sources of epidemiology activity and personnel funding; and each department's self-p...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - August 24, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Arrazola J, Binkin N, Israel M, Fleischauer A, Daly ER, Harrison R, Engel J Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research
Leber congenital amaurosis in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is an early severe form of retinal dystrophy. Mutations in at least 18 genes cause LCA, including crumbs homolog 1 (CRB1), which may account for 10% of LCA. (Source: Journal of AAPOS)
Source: Journal of AAPOS - August 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Amani S. Albakri, Jenina Capasso, Sarina Kopinsky, Tom Glaser, Anamaria Yomai, John Chiang, Adele Schneider, Alex V. Levin Tags: Poster Source Type: research
Neurological complications of Zika virus: Experience in French Polynesia
Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 in Africa. From its discovery to 2007, less than 20 human infections have been reported. ZIKV emerged for the first time in the Pacific in the Federated States of Micronesia in 2007, emergence was limited to Yap Islands and severe complications were not described. The second emergence in the Pacific occurred unexpectedly in French Polynesia (FP) in 2013, where ZIKV caused a large outbreak with about 30.000 symptomatic infections. During this outbreak the first complications of ZIKV infections and the potential for non vector-borne transmission of ZIKV (materno-fetal, sexual, and tra...
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - July 27, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: D. Musso Tags: Type: Invited Presentation Source Type: research
Gender, Relationships and Sexual Violence in the Lives of Women from Chuuk, Micronesia
. (Source: Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma)
Source: Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma - July 17, 2018 Category: Criminology Authors: Sarah A. Smith Source Type: research
Developing an obesity intervention in Micronesia: From needs assessment to planning
Publication date: August 2018Source: Evaluation and Program Planning, Volume 69Author(s): Ann Futterman Collier, Suzanne Daiss, Everlynn Temengil, Samantha Cody Russell, Julia Caroline Miller, Fumiana M. RenguulAbstractEvidence-based obesity reduction programs in the Pacific are scarce to nonexistent. Using a community-based participatory research model (CBPR) we developed a collaboration between our university and a small Pacific Island nation. We established an advisory council of local stakeholders and then conducted an extensive needs assessment with youth, parents, professionals, and lay public. Only 9% of participant...
Source: Evaluation and Program Planning - July 10, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
