5' Copyback Defective Viral Genomes are Major Component in Clinical and Non-clinical Influenza Samples
Virus Res. 2023 Nov 17:199274. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199274. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTClinical samples from people with influenza disease have been analyzed to assess the presence and abundance of Defective Viral Genomes (DVGs), but these have not been assessed using the same bioinformatic pipeline. The type of DVG most described for influenza infections (deletion DVGs) differs from the most commonly described DVGs from non-segmented negative stranded viruses (5' copyback). This could be attributed to either differences between viruses or the tools used to detect and characterize DVGs. Here we analyze several N...
Source: Virus Research - November 19, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Xing Li Zhiping Ye Ewan P Plant Source Type: research
Appelmans protocol - a directed in vitro evolution enables induction and recombination of prophages with expanded host range
Virus Res. 2023 Nov 17:199272. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199272. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInfections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) present significant healthcare challenges due to limited treatment options. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers potential as an alternative treatment. However, the high host specificity of phages poses challenges for their therapeutic application. To broaden the phage spectrum, laboratory-based phage training using the Appelmans protocol was employed in this study. As a result, the protocol successfully expanded the host range of a phage cocktail targeti...
Source: Virus Research - November 19, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Thao Nguyen Vu Justin Ryan Clark Eris Jang Roshan D'Souza Le Phuong Nguyen Naina Adren Pinto Seongjun Yoo Ricardo Enrique Abadie Saenz Anthony William Maresso Dongeun Yong Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Differences in Inhibiting the Effects of the PKR-Activated Integrated Stress Response
Virus Res. 2023 Nov 16:199271. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199271. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe integrated stress response (ISR) is a eukaryotic cell pathway that triggers translational arrest and the formation of stress granules (SGs) in response to various stress signals, including those caused by viral infections. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein has been shown to disrupt SGs, but SARS-CoV-2 interactions with other components of the pathway remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers the ISR through activation of the eIF2α-kinase PKR while inhibiting a variety of downstream e...
Source: Virus Research - November 18, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Wanda Christ Jonas Klingstr öm Janne Tynell Source Type: research
Characterization and genomic analysis of the Vibrio cyclitrophicus phage, vB_VviC_ZQ26, representing a novel viral family
This study isolated a novel virus infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. The vB_VviC_ZQ26 comprises a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 42,982 bp and a G+C content of 43.21%, encoding 72 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Transmission electron microscope characterization indicates a siphoviral-morphology of vB_VviC_ZQ26. Nucleic-acids-wide analysis indicates a tetranucleotide frequency deviation for genomic segments encoding putative gene transfer agent protein (GTA) and coil-containing protein, implying divergent origins occurred in different parts of vir...
Source: Virus Research - November 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Yao Xiong Keran Ma Xiao Zou Yantao Liang Kaiyang Zheng Tiancong Wang Hong Zhang Yue Dong Ziyue Wang Yundan Liu Hongbing Shao Andrew McMinn Min Wang Source Type: research
Characterization and genomic analysis of the Vibrio cyclitrophicus phage, vB_VviC_ZQ26, representing a novel viral family
This study isolated a novel virus infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. The vB_VviC_ZQ26 comprises a linear double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 42,982 bp and a G+C content of 43.21%, encoding 72 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Transmission electron microscope characterization indicates a siphoviral-morphology of vB_VviC_ZQ26. Nucleic-acids-wide analysis indicates a tetranucleotide frequency deviation for genomic segments encoding putative gene transfer agent protein (GTA) and coil-containing protein, implying divergent origins occurred in different parts of vir...
Source: Virus Research - November 16, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Yao Xiong Keran Ma Xiao Zou Yantao Liang Kaiyang Zheng Tiancong Wang Hong Zhang Yue Dong Ziyue Wang Yundan Liu Hongbing Shao Andrew McMinn Min Wang Source Type: research
AAACH is a conserved motif in a cis-acting replication element that is artificially inserted into Senecavirus A genome
In this study, we constructed a set of SVA cDNA clones. Each of them contained one functionally inactivated Nc, and an extra SDM-modified Ac. Every cDNA clone had a unique SDM-modified Ac. The test of virus recovery showed that only two SVAs were rescued from their individual cDNA clones. They were AAACU- and AAACC-containing Ac genotypes. Both viruses were serially passaged in vitro for analyzing their viral characteristics. The results showed that both AAACU and AAACC genotypes were genetically stable during twenty passages, implying when the Nc was functionally inactivated, SVA could still use an AAACH-containing Ac to ...
Source: Virus Research - November 12, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mengyao Wang Di Zhao Jing Li Lijie Zhu Xiaoxiao Duan Youming Zhang Yan Li Fuxiao Liu Source Type: research
AAACH is a conserved motif in a cis-acting replication element that is artificially inserted into Senecavirus A genome
In this study, we constructed a set of SVA cDNA clones. Each of them contained one functionally inactivated Nc, and an extra SDM-modified Ac. Every cDNA clone had a unique SDM-modified Ac. The test of virus recovery showed that only two SVAs were rescued from their individual cDNA clones. They were AAACU- and AAACC-containing Ac genotypes. Both viruses were serially passaged in vitro for analyzing their viral characteristics. The results showed that both AAACU and AAACC genotypes were genetically stable during twenty passages, implying when the Nc was functionally inactivated, SVA could still use an AAACH-containing Ac to ...
Source: Virus Research - November 12, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mengyao Wang Di Zhao Jing Li Lijie Zhu Xiaoxiao Duan Youming Zhang Yan Li Fuxiao Liu Source Type: research
AAACH is a conserved motif in a cis-acting replication element that is artificially inserted into Senecavirus A genome
In this study, we constructed a set of SVA cDNA clones. Each of them contained one functionally inactivated Nc, and an extra SDM-modified Ac. Every cDNA clone had a unique SDM-modified Ac. The test of virus recovery showed that only two SVAs were rescued from their individual cDNA clones. They were AAACU- and AAACC-containing Ac genotypes. Both viruses were serially passaged in vitro for analyzing their viral characteristics. The results showed that both AAACU and AAACC genotypes were genetically stable during twenty passages, implying when the Nc was functionally inactivated, SVA could still use an AAACH-containing Ac to ...
Source: Virus Research - November 12, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mengyao Wang Di Zhao Jing Li Lijie Zhu Xiaoxiao Duan Youming Zhang Yan Li Fuxiao Liu Source Type: research
AAACH is a conserved motif in a cis-acting replication element that is artificially inserted into Senecavirus A genome
In this study, we constructed a set of SVA cDNA clones. Each of them contained one functionally inactivated Nc, and an extra SDM-modified Ac. Every cDNA clone had a unique SDM-modified Ac. The test of virus recovery showed that only two SVAs were rescued from their individual cDNA clones. They were AAACU- and AAACC-containing Ac genotypes. Both viruses were serially passaged in vitro for analyzing their viral characteristics. The results showed that both AAACU and AAACC genotypes were genetically stable during twenty passages, implying when the Nc was functionally inactivated, SVA could still use an AAACH-containing Ac to ...
Source: Virus Research - November 12, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mengyao Wang Di Zhao Jing Li Lijie Zhu Xiaoxiao Duan Youming Zhang Yan Li Fuxiao Liu Source Type: research
Enterovirus 71 leads to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells
This study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells during EV71 infection. Utilizing laser confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that EV71 infection induced mitochondrial elongation and damage to cristae structures, concurrently accelerating mitochondrial movement. Furthermore, we identified the reduction in the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) and the increased expression of Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2) upon EV71 infection. Notably, EV71 directly stimulated the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxyg...
Source: Virus Research - November 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Wanling Zhang Haiyan Yang Zhengyun Liu Shengyu Wang Tianyang Chen Hong Song Yunbin Xu Fajin Li Guo Luo Huan Wang Source Type: research
Effects of glycine 64 substitutions in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase on Ribavirin sensitivity and pathogenicity of coxsackievirus A6
In this study, we constructed CVA6 mutants with G64R, G64S, and G64T substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis in full-length cDNA of an infectious CVA6 strain cloned in pCDNA3.1. Viral RNA was obtained by in vitro transcription, and the rescued virus strains were propagated in RD cells. Sequencing after six passages revealed that G64S and G64T mutations were stably inherited, whereas G64R was genetically unstable and reversed to the wild type. Comparison of the biological characteristics of the wild-type and mutant CVA6 strains in an in vivo model (one-day-old ICR mice) revealed that the pathogenicity of CVA6-G64S and CV...
Source: Virus Research - November 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Rui Wang Qiang Sun Jinbo Xiao Congcong Wang Xiaoliang Li Jichen Li Yang Song Huanhuan Lu Ying Liu Shuangli Zhu Zhijun Liu Yong Zhang Source Type: research
Enterovirus 71 leads to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells
This study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells during EV71 infection. Utilizing laser confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that EV71 infection induced mitochondrial elongation and damage to cristae structures, concurrently accelerating mitochondrial movement. Furthermore, we identified the reduction in the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) and the increased expression of Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2) upon EV71 infection. Notably, EV71 directly stimulated the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxyg...
Source: Virus Research - November 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Wanling Zhang Haiyan Yang Zhengyun Liu Shengyu Wang Tianyang Chen Hong Song Yunbin Xu Fajin Li Guo Luo Huan Wang Source Type: research
Effects of glycine 64 substitutions in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase on Ribavirin sensitivity and pathogenicity of coxsackievirus A6
In this study, we constructed CVA6 mutants with G64R, G64S, and G64T substitutions by site-directed mutagenesis in full-length cDNA of an infectious CVA6 strain cloned in pCDNA3.1. Viral RNA was obtained by in vitro transcription, and the rescued virus strains were propagated in RD cells. Sequencing after six passages revealed that G64S and G64T mutations were stably inherited, whereas G64R was genetically unstable and reversed to the wild type. Comparison of the biological characteristics of the wild-type and mutant CVA6 strains in an in vivo model (one-day-old ICR mice) revealed that the pathogenicity of CVA6-G64S and CV...
Source: Virus Research - November 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Rui Wang Qiang Sun Jinbo Xiao Congcong Wang Xiaoliang Li Jichen Li Yang Song Huanhuan Lu Ying Liu Shuangli Zhu Zhijun Liu Yong Zhang Source Type: research
Rescue of a cilevirus from infectious cDNA clones
Virus Res. 2023 Nov 7:199264. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199264. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTReverse genetics systems represent an important tool for studying the molecular and functional processes of viral infection. Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) (genus cilevirus, family Kitaviridae) is the main pathogen responsible for the citrus leprosis (CL) disease in Latin America, one of the most economically important diseases of the citrus industry. Molecular studies of this pathosystem are limited due to the lack of infectious clones. Here, we report the construction and validation of a CiLV-C infectious cDNA clone based o...
Source: Virus Research - November 9, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Mikhail Oliveira Leastro Elliot Watanabe Kitajima Vicente Pall ás Jes ús Angel Sánchez-Navarro Source Type: research
Novel strains of Culex flavivirus and Hubei chryso-like virus 1 from the Anopheles mosquito in western Kenya
In this study we used advanced molecular tools, such as DNA barcoding in combination with novel sequencing technologies to discover new and already known viruses in genetically identified mosquito species. Mosquitoes were captured using BG sentinel traps in Western Kenya during May and July 2019, and homogenized individually before pooled into groups of ten mosquitoes. The pools and individual samples were then used for molecular analysis and to infect cell cultures. Of a total of fifty-four (54) 10-pools, thirteen (13) showed cytopathic effect (CPE) on VeroB4 cells, eighteen (18) showed CPE on C6/36 cells. Eight (8) 10-po...
Source: Virus Research - November 9, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Olivia Wesula Lwande Jonas N äslund Andreas Sj ödin Rebecca Lantto Verah Nafula Luande G öran Bucht Clas Ahlm Bernard Agwanda Vincent Obanda Magnus Evander Source Type: research
