A novel antigenic epitope identified on the accessory protein NS6 of porcine deltacoronavirus
In this study, the recombinant NS6 was successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression system and purified. To prepare monoclonal antibody (mAb), six-week-old female BALB/c mice were primed subcutaneously with purified NS6. A novel mouse mAb against NS6 was obtained and designated as 3D5. The isotype of 3D5 is IgG2b with kappa (κ) light chain. 3D5 can specifically recognizes the natural NS6 in swine testis (ST) cells infected with PDCoV and expressed NS6 in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells transfected with mammalian vector. The minimal linear B cell epitope recognised by 3D5 on NS6 was 25VPELIDPLVK34 determin...
Source: Virus Research - January 23, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Qiuge Liu Jianxiao Wu Na Gao Xiaorong Zhang Mingze Gao Xin Zhang Longjun Guo Yang Wu Da Shi Hongyan Shi Jianfei Chen Li Feng Source Type: research
Identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope on the p30 protein of African swine fever virus using monoclonal antibodies
Virus Res. 2024 Mar;341:199328. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199328. Epub 2024 Jan 28.ABSTRACTThe outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. There are no safe and effective vaccines or diagnostics available. The p30 protein serves as a key target for the detection of ASFV antibodies and is an essential antigenic protein for early serological diagnosis. Here, the p30 protein was purified after being expressed in E. coli and its immunogenicity was verified in sera from pigs naturally infected with ASFV. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody (McAb) designated as McAb 1B4G2-4 (subty...
Source: Virus Research - January 23, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Panpan Tian Zhuoya Sun Mengxiang Wang Jinxing Song Junru Sun Lei Zhou Dawei Jiang Angke Zhang Yanan Wu Gaiping Zhang Source Type: research
PreS1BP mediates inhibition of Hepatitis B virus replication by promoting HBx protein degradation
CONCLUSIONS: These findings unveil a previously unidentified mechanism wherein PreS1BP mediates HBx protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, consequentially inhibiting HBV replication. This insight positions PreS1BP as a promising therapeutic target for future HBV interventions. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical applicability of modulating PreS1BP in HBV therapy.PMID:38253259 | PMC:PMC10846407 | DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199326 (Source: Virus Research)
Source: Virus Research - January 22, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Jun Wang Xiaoxue Yuan Yun Wang Yu Zhang Ming Han Hongping Lu Shunai Liu Yang Zhang Feilin Ge Yan Liu Jun Cheng Source Type: research
Increased cAMP-PKA signaling pathway activation is involved in up-regulation of CTLA-4 expression in CD4+ T cells in acute SIVmac239-infected Chinese rhesus macaques
In this study, we used a SIV-infected Chinese rhesus macaque (ChRM) model to explore CTLA-4 expression in SIV infection. Results showed that SIV infection significantly increased CTLA-4 expression in all T cell subsets, especially central memory T cells. CTLA-4+CD4+ T cell frequency was significantly associated with disease progression markers. Activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway regulated CTLA-4 expression in CD4+T cells, as confirmed by stimulation with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, forskolin, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and inhibition with H-8...
Source: Virus Research - January 20, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ren-Rong Tian Ben-Bo Liu Ming-Liang Zhao Yu-Jun Cai Yong-Tang Zheng Source Type: research
The dynamic variation position and predominant quasispecies of hepatitis B virus: Novel predictors of early hepatocarcinoma
Virus Res. 2024 Mar;341:199317. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199317. Epub 2024 Jan 19.ABSTRACTTo find the predictors of early HCC based on the dynamic changes of HBV quasispecies, this study utilizing the second-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-order multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology to examine the HBV quasispecies in serum of total 247 subjects recruited from high-incidence area of HCC. In the discovery stage, 15 non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) with higher variant proportion in HCC case group were founded (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the variant proportions in some of these SNPs w...
Source: Virus Research - January 19, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Chaojun Zhang Sanchun An Ruibo Lv Kezhi Li Haizhou Liu Jilin Li Yanping Tang Zhengmin Cai Tianren Huang Long Long Wei Deng Source Type: research
Rab5c promotes RSV and ADV replication by autophagy in respiratory epithelial cells
This study enriches the understanding of the interaction between respiratory viruses and Rab5c, providing new insights for virus prevention and treatment.PMID:38242290 | PMC:PMC10830860 | DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199324 (Source: Virus Research)
Source: Virus Research - January 19, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Xiuli Wang Jing Cheng Linchao Shen Meixi Chen Keran Sun Jian Li Miao Li Cuiqing Ma Lin Wei Source Type: research
Genomic characterization of Rocahepevirus ratti hepatitis E virus genotype C1 in Yunnan province of China
This study aims to determine the prevalence and genomic characteristics of HEV-C1 in small animals in Yunnan province of southwestern China. A total of 444 liver tissues were collected from animals covering the orders Rodentia, Soricomorpha, Scandentia and Erinaceomorpha in three regions in Yunnan. Then Paslahepevirus balayani and Rocahepevirus were examined using RT-qPCR. The detection rate of Rocahepevirus was 12.95 % (36/278) in animals of order Rodentia, with 14.77 % (35/237) in Rattus tanezumi and 33.33 % (1/3) in Niviventer fulvescens. No Paslahepevirus balayani was detected. Additionally, two full-length Rocahepevir...
Source: Virus Research - January 19, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Han Wu Bingzhe Li Bowen Yu Linjie Hu Lu Zhou Jiaxiang Yin Yihan Lu Source Type: research
A computational exploration of global and temporal dynamics of selection pressure on HIV-1 Vif polymorphism
Virus Res. 2024 Mar;341:199323. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199323. Epub 2024 Jan 19.ABSTRACTVirion infectivity factor (Vif), an accessory protein of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1), antagonizes host APOBEC3 protein (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3) or A3 via proteasomal degradation, facilitating viral replication. HLA (Human leukocyte antigens) alleles, host restriction factors, and error-prone reverse transcription contribute to the global polymorphic dynamics of HIV, impacting effective vaccine design. Our computational analysis of over 50,000 HIV-1 M vif sequences from the Los...
Source: Virus Research - January 18, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Md Sakil Arman Md Zafrul Hasan Source Type: research
Mechanisms of antiviral action and toxicities of ipecac alkaloids: Emetine and dehydroemetine exhibit anti-coronaviral activities at non-cardiotoxic concentrations
This study investigates the antiviral activity of emetine, dehydroemetine (DHE), and congeneric compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43, and evaluates their impact on the host cell. Concurrently, we assess the potential cardiotoxicity of these ipecac alkaloids. Significantly, our data reveal that emetine and the (-)-R,S isomer of 2,3-dehydroemetine (designated in this paper as DHE4) reduce viral growth at nanomolar concentrations (i.e., IC50 ∼ 50-100 nM), paralleling those required for inhibition of protein synthesis, while calcium channel blocking activity occurs at elevated concentrations (i.e., IC50 ∼ 40-60 µM)....
Source: Virus Research - January 16, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Viktoriya S Sidorenko Ira Cohen Kunchok Dorjee Concei ção A Minetti David P Remeta Junyuan Gao Irina Potapova Hong Zhan Wang Janet Hearing Wan-Yi Yen Hwan Keun Kim Keiji Hashimoto Masaaki Moriya Kathleen G Dickman Xingyu Yin Miguel Garcia-Diaz Rajesh Ch Source Type: research
Divergent pathogenetic outcomes in BALB/c mice following Omicron subvariant infection
Virus Res. 2024 Mar;341:199319. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199319. Epub 2024 Jan 19.ABSTRACTFollowing the emergence of B.1.1.529 Omicron, the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved into a significant number of sublineage variants that possessed numerous mutations throughout the genome, but particularly within the spike glycoprotein (S) gene. For example, the BQ.1.1 and the XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants contained 34 and 41 mutations in S, respectively. However, these variants elicited largely replication only or mild disease phenotypes in mice. To better model pathogenic outcomes and measure countermeasure performance, we developed mou...
Source: Virus Research - January 15, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: John M Powers Sarah R Leist Michael L Mallory Boyd L Yount Kendra L Gully Mark R Zweigart Alexis B Bailey Timothy P Sheahan Jack R Harkema Ralph S Baric Source Type: research
Characterization and genomic analysis of a broad-spectrum lytic phage PG288: A potential natural therapy candidate for Vibrio infections
This study characterized PG288, a lytic phage utilizing V. parahaemolyticus strain G855 as its host. Morphologically, the phage features a polyhedral head and a long, non-retractable tail. Bactericidal assays revealed that phage PG288 exhibited a strong lytic ability against V. parahaemolyticus strain G855 and demonstrated a broad host range, as evidenced by the ability to infect several distinct Vibrio species. The one-step growth curve indicated a latent period of approximately 50 min for phage PG288, with a burst size of roughly 92 PFU per cell. Additionally, phage PG288 exhibited remarkable stability within a temperatu...
Source: Virus Research - January 15, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Chen Zhang Xixi Li Shen'ao Li Han Yin Zhe Zhao Source Type: research
Oropouche virus: A neglected global arboviral threat
Virus Res. 2024 Mar;341:199318. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199318. Epub 2024 Jan 16.ABSTRACTThe Oropouche virus is an important arthropod-borne virus in the Peribunyaviridae family that can cause febrile illnesses, and it is widely distributed in tropical regions such as Central and South America. Since the virus was first identified, a large number of related cases are reported every year. No deaths have been reported to date, however, the virus can cause systemic infections, including the nervous and blood systems, leading to serious complications. The transmission of Oropouche virus occurs through both urban and sylva...
Source: Virus Research - January 15, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Yuli Zhang Xiao Liu Zhen Wu Shuo Feng Ke Lu Wenbing Zhu Hengyi Sun Guoyu Niu Source Type: research
Sulforaphane effectively inhibits HBV by altering Treg/Th17 immune balance and the MIF-macrophages polarizing axis in vitro and in vivo
CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that immunocompetent HBV CBA/CaJ mouse model is a good model to evaluate HBV infection. SFN could inhibit the expression of HBV markers, promote polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype after HBV infection, change the proportion of Treg and Th17 cells. Our findings demonstrate that SFN inhibit HBV infection by inhibiting the expression of MIF and promoting the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype, which illustrates a promising therapeutic approach in HBV infection.PMID:38215982 | PMC:PMC10825640 | DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199316 (Source: Virus Research)
Source: Virus Research - January 12, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ruqing Xu Yue Wu Xia Xiang Xiaoqin Lv Miao He Chang Xu Guoqi Lai Tingxiu Xiang Source Type: research
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells are not susceptible in vitro to SARS-CoV-2 infection but accumulate into the lungs of COVID-19 patients
In this study, we performed multicolor flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from COVID-19 patients to assess the frequencies of CD8+Vα7.2+CD161+ MAIT subsets at acute and convalescent disease phases. The susceptibility of MAITs and T cells to direct exposure by SARS-CoV-2 was analysed using cells isolated from healthy donor buffy coats by viability assays, virus-specific RT-PCR, and flow cytometry. In situ lung immunofluorescence was used to evaluate retention of T cells, especially MAIT cells, in lung tissues during acute COVID-19. Our study confirms previous reports indicating that circulating M...
Source: Virus Research - January 11, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Xiaobo Huang Jonas Kantonen Kirsten Nowlan Ngoc Anh Nguyen Suvi T Jokiranta Suvi Kuivanen Nelli Heikkil ä Shamita Mahzabin Anu Kantele Olli Vapalahti Liisa Myllykangas Santtu Heinonen Mikko I M äyränpää Tomas Strandin Eliisa Kek äläinen Source Type: research
Harnessing CRISPR technology for viral therapeutics and vaccines: from preclinical studies to clinical applications
Virus Res. 2024 Mar;341:199314. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199314. Epub 2024 Jan 12.ABSTRACTThe CRISPR/Cas system, identified as a type of bacterial adaptive immune system, have attracted significant attention due to its remarkable ability to precisely detect and eliminate foreign genetic material and nucleic acids. Expanding upon these inherent capabilities, recent investigations have unveiled the potential of reprogrammed CRISPR/Cas 9, 12, and 13 systems for treating viral infections associated with human diseases, specifically targeting DNA and RNA viruses, respectively. Of particular interest is the RNA virus respons...
Source: Virus Research - January 11, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Farzaneh Zahedipour Fatemeh Zahedipour Parvin Zamani Mahmoud Reza Jaafari Amirhossein Sahebkar Source Type: research
