Proprotein convertase cleavage of Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 spike-like protein ORF46 is modulated by N-glycosylation
Virology. 2024 Feb 6;592:110008. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTViral spike proteins undergo a special maturation process that enables host cell receptor recognition, membrane fusion, and viral entry, facilitating effective virus infection. Here, we investigated the protease cleavage features of ORF46, a spike-like protein in Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV-1) sharing similarity with spikes of Nidovirales members. We noted that during cleavage, full-length ORF46 is cleaved into ∼55-kDa and ∼100-kDa subunits. Moreover, truncation or site-directed mutagenesis at the recognition sites of pro...
Source: Virology - February 9, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Fei Yu Jiehua Xu Hongxun Chen Siyang Song Chunlan Nie Kai Hao Zhe Zhao Source Type: research
Isolation and characterization of genotype 4 Eurasian avian-like H1N1 influenza virus in pigs suffering from pneumonia
Virology. 2024 Feb 2;592:110009. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSwine influenza viruses pose ongoing threat to pork industry throughout the world. In 2023, fattening pigs from a swine farm in Inner Mongolia of China experienced influenza-like symptoms. Co-infection of influenza A virus with Pasteurella multocida was diagnosed in lung tissues of diseased pigs and a genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus was isolated, which was named as A/swine/Neimenggu/0326/2023. We demonstrated the virus preferentially bound human-like SAα2,6Gal receptor. It was noteworthy that the virus poss...
Source: Virology - February 8, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Jizhe Yang Riguo Lan Haoyu Chang Han Li Haili Yu Qi Tong Jinhua Liu Honglei Sun Source Type: research
A cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 mutant, showing a deletion in the spike protein spanning the furin cleavage site, has reduced virulence at the lung level in K18-hACE2 mice
Virology. 2024 Jan 28;592:109997. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109997. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHere we investigated the virulence properties of a unique cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 mutant showing a ten-amino acid deletion encompassing the furin cleavage site of the spike protein (Δ680SPRAARSVAS689; Δ680-689-B.1) in comparison to its parental strain (wt-B.1) and two Delta variants (AY.122 and AY.21) of concern. After intranasal inoculation, transgenic K18-hACE2 mice were monitored for 14 days for weight change, lethality, and clinical score; oral swabs were daily collected and tested for the presence of N protein subgenomi...
Source: Virology - February 7, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Fabrizia Valleriani Chiara Di Pancrazio Massimo Spedicato Giovanni Di Teodoro Daniela Malatesta Tetyana Petrova Francesca Profeta Maria Loredana Colaianni Shadia Berjaoui Ilaria Puglia Marialuigia Caporale Emanuela Rossi Maurilia Marcacci Mirella Luciani Source Type: research
Application of nanoparticles for management of plant viral pathogen: Current status and future prospects
Virology. 2024 Jan 26;592:109998. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109998. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPlant viruses are responsible for nearly 47 % of all crop losses brought by plant diseases, which have a considerable negative impact on agricultural output. Nanoparticles have the potential to greatly raise agricultural output due to their wonderful applications in the fields of highly sensitive biomolecular detection, disease diagnostics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic compounds. The application of nanotechnology in plant virology is known as nanophytovirology, and it involves biostimulation, drug transport, genetic manipul...
Source: Virology - February 1, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Ashish Warghane Rashmi Saini Manju Shri Isha Andankar Dilip Kumar Ghosh Balu Ananda Chopade Source Type: research
A neonatal piglet model reveals interactions between nasal microbiota and influenza A virus pathogenesis
In this study, we examined microbiome-influenza interactions in a neonatal piglet model system. The nasal microbiome of newborn piglets was longitudinally sampled before and after intranasal infection with recombinant viruses expressing hemagglutinins (HAs) derived from distinct zoonotic H1 subtypes. We found that viruses expressing different parental HAs manifested unique patterns of pathogenicity, and varied impacts on microbial community diversity. Despite these virus specific differences, a consistent microbial signature of viral infection was detected. Our results indicate that influenza A virus infection associates w...
Source: Virology - February 1, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Fangfeng Yuan Lufan Yang Shih-Hsuan Hsiao Nicole L Herndon Christopher A Gaulke Ying Fang Source Type: research
The leader RNA of SARS-CoV-2 sequesters polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1) and influences pre-mRNA splicing in infected cells
Virology. 2024 Jan 6;592:109986. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109986. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe large amount of viral RNA produced during infections has the potential to interact with and effectively sequester cellular RNA binding proteins, thereby influencing aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation in the infected cell. Here we demonstrate that the abundant 5' leader RNA region of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs can interact with the cellular polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1). Interestingly, the effect of a knockdown of PTBP1 protein on cellular gene expression is also mimicked during SARS-CoV-2 infection, s...
Source: Virology - January 30, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Noelia H Altina David G Maranon John R Anderson Meghan K Donaldson Suad Elmegerhi Laura A St Clair Rushika Perera Brian J Geiss Jeffrey Wilusz Source Type: research
Comparative analysis and prediction of avian influenza in Shangrao city, China from 2016 to 2022
Virology. 2024 Jan 24;592:109995. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109995. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vaccination, COVID-19 pandemic and migration of migratory birds on the avian influenza positivity rate in Shangrao City and to predict the future avian influenza positivity rate. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect nucleic acids of avian influenza A viruses. 1795 samples were collected between 2016 and 2022, of which 1086 were positive. In addition, there were seven human cases of avian influenza. The results showed that t...
Source: Virology - January 30, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Kang Fang Wentao Song Yanyan Zhang Yiyang Zheng Chen You Jianhai Hu Li Liu Lei Feng Zeyu Zhao Yunkang Zhao Jiayi Wang Xiaolan Wang Lin Zhu Tianmu Chen Source Type: research
Monkeypox: Can we count on the current smallpox immunization?
Virology. 2024 Jan 14;592:109994. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109994. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo vaccines ACAM 2000 and JYNNEOS have obtained approval from the Food and Drug Administration as preventive measures against monkeypox, contributing significantly to the management of the monkeypox epidemic. Nonetheless, research has demonstrated that smallpox vaccination offers approximately 88.8% protection against monkeypox, while immunization with these vaccines generates relatively low levels of neutralizing antibodies. In this work, we performed a comprehensive comparison of antigens between the 2022-2023 monkeypox str...
Source: Virology - January 26, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Fengwei Zhang Zili Chai Xia Wang Zehan Zhang Zilong Yang Wenting Liu Hongguang Ren Yuan Jin Junjie Yue Source Type: research
Virome profiling of fig wasps (Ceratosolen spp.) reveals virus diversity spanning four realms
Virology. 2024 Mar;591:109992. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109992. Epub 2024 Jan 10.ABSTRACTWe investigated the virome of agaonid fig wasps (Ceratosolen spp.) inside syconia ("fruits") of various Ficus trees fed upon by frugivores such as pteropodid bats in Sub-Saharan Africa. This virome includes representatives of viral families spanning four realms and includes near-complete genome sequences of three novel viruses and fragments of five additional potentially novel viruses evolutionarily associated with insects, fungi, plants, and vertebrates. Our study provides evidence that frugivorous animals are exposed to a plethora o...
Source: Virology - January 21, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Bishwo N Adhikari Adrian C Paskey Kenneth G Frey Andrew J Bennett Kyle A Long Jens H Kuhn Theron Hamilton Lindsay Glang Regina Z Cer Tony L Goldberg Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly Source Type: research
Overexpression of human ACE2 protein in mouse fibroblasts stably transfected with the intact ACE2 gene
Virology. 2024 Jan 13;592:109988. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109988. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInfection by SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane glycoprotein expressed on epithelial cells in the human upper respiratory tract. Recombinant ACE2 protein has potential application for anti-viral therapy. Here we co-transfected mouse fibroblasts (A9 cells) with a cloned fragment of human genomic DNA containing the intact ACE2 gene and an unlinked neomycin phosphotransferase gene, and then selected stable neomycin-resistant transfectants. Transfecta...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Feiyue Teng Oleg Gang Paul Freimuth Source Type: research
Effect of chemical and physical agents on monkeypox virus infectivity and downstream research applications
Virology. 2024 Jan 16;592:109993. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109993. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe 2022 global spread of Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) underlined the need to investigate safe-handling procedures of clinical and research samples. Here we evaluated the efficiency in reducing MPXV infectious titer of Triton X-100 (0.1 and 0.2%), UV-C irradiation (15 or 30 min), and heat (56 °C 30 min or 70 °C 5 min). The treatment of MPXV at 70 °C resulted in the strongest decrease of MPXV infectious titer (5.4 Log TCID50/mL), 56 °C and UV-C had a lighter impact (3.9 and 4.3Log), Triton X-100 was less efficient (1.8-2.5Log). N...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Davide Mariotti Aurora Bettini Silvia Meschi Stefania Notari Massimo Francalancia Eleonora Tartaglia Daniele Lapa Eliana Specchiarello Enrico Girardi Giulia Matusali Fabrizio Maggi Source Type: research
In vitro characterization of cell-fusing agent virus DNA forms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Virology. 2024 Mar;591:109982. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109982. Epub 2024 Jan 3.ABSTRACTHow non-retroviral endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are established is a long-standing question. Viral DNA (vDNA) forms of RNA viruses are likely to be EVE precursors. Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV) is a major insect-specific virus (ISV) in the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and one of the few existing non-retroviral RNA viruses found as EVEs. We characterized CFAV-derived vDNA in the cell line to understand the mechanism of why current viruses are rarely endogenized. vDNA production was affected by cell culture media independent of CFAV rep...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Mohammad Mosleh Uddin Yasutsugu Suzuki Jerica Isabel L Reyes Kozo Watanabe Source Type: research
Integration of Rubus yellow net virus in the raspberry genome: A story centuries in the making
This study discloses the widespread presence of endoRYNVs in commercial raspberries, likely because breeding efforts have focused on a limited pool of germplasm that harbored endoRYNVs.PMID:38242059 | DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2024.109991 (Source: Virology)
Source: Virology - January 19, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Thien Ho Janet C Broome Jason P Buhler Wendy O'Donovan Tongyan Tian Alfredo Diaz-Lara Robert R Martin Ioannis E Tzanetakis Source Type: research
Global phylogenetic analysis of soybean dwarf virus isolates and their associations with aphid vectors and severe disease in soybeans
Virology. 2024 Mar;591:109984. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109984. Epub 2024 Jan 6.ABSTRACTSoybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was first described in Japan as an agent of severe soybean disease transmitted by the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani, with separable yellowing (Y) and dwarfing (D) strains. SbDV of both Y and D genotypes were later documented in other countries. For three decades, SbDV isolates were assessed to evaluate risk to U.S. soybean production. U.S. SbDV isolates were transmitted by the pea aphid Acyrthosiphum pisum and showed limited disease in soybeans, suggesting it was not a major threat to U.S. soybean produc...
Source: Virology - January 19, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Andrew L Stone Vernon D Damsteegt Oney P Smith Lucy R Stewart Source Type: research
Cucumber mosaic virus impairs the physiological homeostasis of Panax notoginseng and induces saponin-mediated resistance
In this study, the symptom and physiological parameters of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected P. notoginseng were analyzed and the RNA-seq was performed. The results showed that CMV infection affected the photosynthesis of P. notoginseng, caused serious oxidative damage to P. notoginseng and increased the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Results of transcriptome analysis and corresponding verification showed that CMV infection changed the expression of genes related to plant defense and promoted the synthesis of P. notoginseng saponins to a certain extent, which may be defensive ways of P. notoginseng against CMV...
Source: Virology - January 18, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Yongchao Cheng Tianrui Zheng Daoyong Yang Qiding Peng Jiahong Dong Dehui Xi Source Type: research
