DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00006-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mats Bemark Michael J Pitcher Chiara Dionisi Jo Spencer Source Type: research
DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00006-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mats Bemark Michael J Pitcher Chiara Dionisi Jo Spencer Source Type: research
DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00006-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mats Bemark Michael J Pitcher Chiara Dionisi Jo Spencer Source Type: research
DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00006-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mats Bemark Michael J Pitcher Chiara Dionisi Jo Spencer Source Type: research
The tumor niche can reprogram long-lived protumorigenic neutrophils
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 22:S1471-4906(24)00026-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.001. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe heterogeneity and plasticity of neutrophils in tumor-host interactions and how tumor signals induce reprogramming of neutrophil subpopulations need further investigation. Ng et al. recently reported that a hypoxic-glycolytic niche in mouse tumors could reprogram mature and immature neutrophils into a long-lived and terminally-differentiated subset, which promoted angiogenesis and tumor growth.PMID:38395739 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.02.001 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 23, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jiaming Wang Xuetao Cao Source Type: research
Durable CD4 < sup > + < /sup > T cell immunity: cherchez la stem
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 21:S1471-4906(24)00004-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMammalian stem cells govern development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Following years of study, their functions have been delineated with increasing precision. The past decade has witnessed heightened widespread use of stem cell terminology in association with durable T cell responses to infection, antitumor immunity, and autoimmunity. Interpreting this literature is complicated by the fact that descriptions are diverse and criteria for labeling 'stem-like' T cells are evolving. Working under the hypothe...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Erik P Hughes Amber R Syage Dean Tantin Source Type: research
Durable CD4 < sup > + < /sup > T cell immunity: cherchez la stem
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 21:S1471-4906(24)00004-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMammalian stem cells govern development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Following years of study, their functions have been delineated with increasing precision. The past decade has witnessed heightened widespread use of stem cell terminology in association with durable T cell responses to infection, antitumor immunity, and autoimmunity. Interpreting this literature is complicated by the fact that descriptions are diverse and criteria for labeling 'stem-like' T cells are evolving. Working under the hypothe...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Erik P Hughes Amber R Syage Dean Tantin Source Type: research
Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb;45(2):113-126. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2023.12.006. Epub 2024 Jan 31.ABSTRACTNew discoveries in the field of human monogenic immune diseases highlight critical genes and pathways governing immune responses. Here, I describe how the ~500 currently defined human inborn errors of immunity help shape what I propose is an 'adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses', emphasizing the set of immunological defenses poised for rapid responses in the natural environment. This arsenal blurs the lines between innate and adaptive immunity and is established through molecular relays between cell types, often traversing ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carrie L Lucas Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 evolution from the BA.2.86 to JN.1 variants: unexpected consequences
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb;45(2):81-84. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.003. Epub 2024 Jan 31.ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. The Omicron subvariant BA.2.86, with >30 mutations in its spike (S) protein compared with its predecessor strain BA.2, was expected to quickly become predominant worldwide, but this has not happened. Instead, its descendant strain, JN.1, with just one additional mutation, has become the predominant SARS-CoV-2 subvariant. Here, we offer a possible explanation for these unexpected consequences.PMID:38302341 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.01.003 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xinling Wang Lu Lu Shibo Jiang Source Type: research
Human genetic errors of immunity illuminate an adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb;45(2):113-126. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2023.12.006. Epub 2024 Jan 31.ABSTRACTNew discoveries in the field of human monogenic immune diseases highlight critical genes and pathways governing immune responses. Here, I describe how the ~500 currently defined human inborn errors of immunity help shape what I propose is an 'adaptive arsenal model of rapid defenses', emphasizing the set of immunological defenses poised for rapid responses in the natural environment. This arsenal blurs the lines between innate and adaptive immunity and is established through molecular relays between cell types, often traversing ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carrie L Lucas Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 evolution from the BA.2.86 to JN.1 variants: unexpected consequences
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb;45(2):81-84. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.003. Epub 2024 Jan 31.ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 is continuously evolving. The Omicron subvariant BA.2.86, with >30 mutations in its spike (S) protein compared with its predecessor strain BA.2, was expected to quickly become predominant worldwide, but this has not happened. Instead, its descendant strain, JN.1, with just one additional mutation, has become the predominant SARS-CoV-2 subvariant. Here, we offer a possible explanation for these unexpected consequences.PMID:38302341 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2024.01.003 (Source: Trends in Immunology)
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 1, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xinling Wang Lu Lu Shibo Jiang Source Type: research
