Immunological features of bats: resistance and tolerance to emerging viruses
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 29:S1471-4906(24)00008-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBats are among the most diverse mammalian species, representing over 20% of mammalian diversity. The past two decades have witnessed a disproportionate spillover of viruses from bats to humans compared with other mammalian hosts, attributed to the viral richness within bats, their phylogenetic likeness to humans, and increased human contact with wildlife. Unique evolutionary adaptations in bat genomes, particularly in antiviral protection and immune tolerance genes, enable bats to serve as reservoirs for pandemic...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 7, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wael L Demian Olga Cormier Karen Mossman Source Type: research
The translational potential of studying bat immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00007-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMolecular studies in bats have led to the discovery of antiviral adaptations that may explain how some bat species have evolved enhanced immune tolerance towards viruses. Accumulating data suggest that some bat species have also evolved remarkable features of longevity and low rates of cancer. Furthermore, recent research strongly suggests that discovering immune adaptations in bat models can be translated to develop immune modulators and recognize alternate therapeutic strategies for diseases affecting humans. W...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 7, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kaushal Baid Aaron T Irving Nolwenn Jouvenet Arinjay Banerjee Source Type: research
Immunological features of bats: resistance and tolerance to emerging viruses
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 29:S1471-4906(24)00008-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBats are among the most diverse mammalian species, representing over 20% of mammalian diversity. The past two decades have witnessed a disproportionate spillover of viruses from bats to humans compared with other mammalian hosts, attributed to the viral richness within bats, their phylogenetic likeness to humans, and increased human contact with wildlife. Unique evolutionary adaptations in bat genomes, particularly in antiviral protection and immune tolerance genes, enable bats to serve as reservoirs for pandemic...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 7, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wael L Demian Olga Cormier Karen Mossman Source Type: research
The translational potential of studying bat immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00007-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMolecular studies in bats have led to the discovery of antiviral adaptations that may explain how some bat species have evolved enhanced immune tolerance towards viruses. Accumulating data suggest that some bat species have also evolved remarkable features of longevity and low rates of cancer. Furthermore, recent research strongly suggests that discovering immune adaptations in bat models can be translated to develop immune modulators and recognize alternate therapeutic strategies for diseases affecting humans. W...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 7, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kaushal Baid Aaron T Irving Nolwenn Jouvenet Arinjay Banerjee Source Type: research
Immunological features of bats: resistance and tolerance to emerging viruses
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 29:S1471-4906(24)00008-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBats are among the most diverse mammalian species, representing over 20% of mammalian diversity. The past two decades have witnessed a disproportionate spillover of viruses from bats to humans compared with other mammalian hosts, attributed to the viral richness within bats, their phylogenetic likeness to humans, and increased human contact with wildlife. Unique evolutionary adaptations in bat genomes, particularly in antiviral protection and immune tolerance genes, enable bats to serve as reservoirs for pandemic...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 7, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wael L Demian Olga Cormier Karen Mossman Source Type: research
The translational potential of studying bat immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00007-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMolecular studies in bats have led to the discovery of antiviral adaptations that may explain how some bat species have evolved enhanced immune tolerance towards viruses. Accumulating data suggest that some bat species have also evolved remarkable features of longevity and low rates of cancer. Furthermore, recent research strongly suggests that discovering immune adaptations in bat models can be translated to develop immune modulators and recognize alternate therapeutic strategies for diseases affecting humans. W...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 7, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kaushal Baid Aaron T Irving Nolwenn Jouvenet Arinjay Banerjee Source Type: research
Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy
Trends Immunol. 2024 Mar 2:S1471-4906(24)00022-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe MHC-I antigen presentation (AP) pathway is key to shaping mammalian CD8+ T cell immunity, with its aberrant expression closely linked to low tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy resistance. While significant attention has been given to genetic mutations and downregulation of positive regulators that are essential for MHC-I AP, there is a growing interest in understanding how tumors actively evade MHC-I expression and/or AP through the induction of MHC-I inhibitory pathways. This emerging field of study may o...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jun Wang Qiao Lu Xufeng Chen Iannis Aifantis Source Type: research
Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy
Trends Immunol. 2024 Mar 2:S1471-4906(24)00022-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe MHC-I antigen presentation (AP) pathway is key to shaping mammalian CD8+ T cell immunity, with its aberrant expression closely linked to low tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy resistance. While significant attention has been given to genetic mutations and downregulation of positive regulators that are essential for MHC-I AP, there is a growing interest in understanding how tumors actively evade MHC-I expression and/or AP through the induction of MHC-I inhibitory pathways. This emerging field of study may o...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jun Wang Qiao Lu Xufeng Chen Iannis Aifantis Source Type: research
Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy
Trends Immunol. 2024 Mar 2:S1471-4906(24)00022-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe MHC-I antigen presentation (AP) pathway is key to shaping mammalian CD8+ T cell immunity, with its aberrant expression closely linked to low tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy resistance. While significant attention has been given to genetic mutations and downregulation of positive regulators that are essential for MHC-I AP, there is a growing interest in understanding how tumors actively evade MHC-I expression and/or AP through the induction of MHC-I inhibitory pathways. This emerging field of study may o...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jun Wang Qiao Lu Xufeng Chen Iannis Aifantis Source Type: research
Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy
Trends Immunol. 2024 Mar 2:S1471-4906(24)00022-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe MHC-I antigen presentation (AP) pathway is key to shaping mammalian CD8+ T cell immunity, with its aberrant expression closely linked to low tumor immunogenicity and immunotherapy resistance. While significant attention has been given to genetic mutations and downregulation of positive regulators that are essential for MHC-I AP, there is a growing interest in understanding how tumors actively evade MHC-I expression and/or AP through the induction of MHC-I inhibitory pathways. This emerging field of study may o...
Source: Trends in Immunology - March 3, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jun Wang Qiao Lu Xufeng Chen Iannis Aifantis Source Type: research
DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00006-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mats Bemark Michael J Pitcher Chiara Dionisi Jo Spencer Source Type: research
DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00006-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe diverse gut microbiota, which is associated with mucosal health and general wellbeing, maintains gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in a chronically activated state, including sustainment of germinal centers in a context of high antigenic load. This influences the rules for B cell engagement with antigen and the potential consequences. Recent data have highlighted differences between GALT and other lymphoid tissues. For example, GALT propagates IgA responses against glycans that show signs of having been ...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mats Bemark Michael J Pitcher Chiara Dionisi Jo Spencer Source Type: research
DNA flexibility can shape the preferential hypermutation of antibody genes
Trends Immunol. 2024 Feb 23:S1471-4906(24)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAntibody-coding genes accumulate somatic mutations to achieve antibody affinity maturation. Genetic dissection using various mouse models has shown that intrinsic hypermutations occur preferentially and are predisposed in the DNA region encoding antigen-contacting residues. The molecular basis of nonrandom/preferential mutations is a long-sought question in the field. Here, we summarize recent findings on how single-strand (ss)DNA flexibility facilitates activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity and fi...
Source: Trends in Immunology - February 24, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanyan Wang Fei-Long Meng Leng-Siew Yeap Source Type: research
