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Structural perspectives on transcription in chromatin
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Aug 16:S0962-8924(23)00155-1. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn eukaryotes, all genetic processes take place in the cell nucleus, where DNA is packaged as chromatin in 'beads-on-a-string' nucleosome arrays. RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes protein-coding and many non-coding genes in this chromatin environment. RNAPII elongates RNA while passing through multiple nucleosomes and maintaining the integrity of the chromatin structure. Recent structural studies have shed light on the detailed mechanisms of this process, including how transcribing RNAPII progresses throu...
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Shun-Ichi Sekine Haruhiko Ehara Tomoya Kujirai Hitoshi Kurumizaka Source Type: research

PYK2, a hub of signaling networks in breast cancer progression
We describe unique roles of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) PYK2 in signaling integration and feedback looping in BC. PYK2 functions as a signaling hub in various cascades, and its involvement in positive and negative feedback loops enhances signaling robustness, modulates signaling dynamics, and contributes to BC growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, migration, invasion, and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of PYK2 as a therapeutic target in various BC subtypes.PMID:37586982 | DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.006 (Source: Trends in Cell Biology)
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Hava Gil-Henn Jean-Antoine Girault Sima Lev Source Type: research

Autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells prevents gut inflammation
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Aug 14:S0962-8924(23)00154-X. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntestinal epithelial cells form the largest barrier in the body, separating us from the outside world. Here, we review recent findings that highlight the role of autophagy in the cell-intrinsic response of the epithelial cells to the harsh intestinal environment and how they shape host physiology.PMID:37586983 | DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.010 (Source: Trends in Cell Biology)
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Shahar Telpaz Shai Bel Source Type: research

Progress and limitations in engineering cellular adhesion for research and therapeutics
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Aug 12:S0962-8924(23)00140-X. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntercellular interactions form the cornerstone of multicellular biology. Despite advances in protein engineering, researchers artificially directing physical cell interactions still rely on endogenous cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) alongside off-target interactions and unintended signaling. Recently, methods for directing cellular interactions have been developed utilizing programmable domains such as coiled coils (CCs), nanobody-antigen, and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). We first discuss desirable molecular- ...
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 14, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: George Chao Stefan Zukin Patrick R J Fortuna Benjamin Boettner George M Church Source Type: research

Order from chaos: cellular asymmetries explained with modelling
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Aug 11:S0962-8924(23)00132-0. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMolecules inside cells are subject to physical forces and undergo biochemical interactions, continuously changing their physical properties and dynamics. Despite this, cells achieve highly ordered molecular patterns that are crucial to regulate various cellular functions and to specify cell fate. In the Caenorhabditis elegans one-cell embryo, protein asymmetries are established in the narrow time window of a cell division. What are the mechanisms that allow molecules to establish asymmetries, defying the rando...
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 13, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Sofia Barbieri Monica Gotta Source Type: research

Disulfidptosis: disulfide stress-induced cell death
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Aug 12:S0962-8924(23)00141-1. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe cystine transporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) (also known as xCT) promotes glutathione synthesis and counters oxidative stress-induced cell death, including ferroptosis, by importing cystine. Also, SLC7A11 plays a crucial role in tumor development. However, recent studies have uncovered an unexpected role of SLC7A11 in promoting disulfidptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death induced by disulfide stress. In this review, we examine the opposing roles of SLC7A11 in regulating redox hom...
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 13, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Xiaoguang Liu Li Zhuang Boyi Gan Source Type: research

Sublethal engagement of apoptotic pathways in residual cancer
Trends Cell Biol. 2023 Aug 10:S0962-8924(23)00138-1. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCytotoxic chemo-, radio-, and targeted therapies frequently elicit apoptotic cancer cell death. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a critical, regulated step in this apoptotic pathway. The residual cancer cells that survive treatment serve as the seeds of eventual relapse and are often functionally characterized by their transient tolerance of multiple therapeutic treatments. New studies suggest that, in these cells, a sublethal degree of MOMP, reflective of incomplete apoptotic commitment...
Source: Trends in Cell Biology - August 12, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Shane T Killarney Stephen W G Tait Douglas R Green Kris C Wood Source Type: research