Impact of azithromycin mass drug administration on the antibiotic-resistant gut microbiome in children: a randomized, controlled trial
ConclusionsMDA with azithromycin increased carriage of macrolide-resistant bacteria, but had limited impact on clinically relevant bacteria. However, increased abundance of enteropathogenicEscherichia species after treatment requires further, higher resolution investigation. Future studies should focus on the number of treatments and administration schedule to ensure clinical benefits continue to outweigh costs in antimicrobial resistance carriage.Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02047981. Registered January 29th 2014,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02047981 (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - January 6, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Myxopyronin B inhibits growth of a Fidaxomicin-resistant Clostridioides difficile isolate and interferes with toxin synthesis
AbstractThe anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogenClostridioides difficile can cause severe forms of enterocolitis which is mainly mediated by the toxins it produces. The RNA polymerase inhibitor Fidaxomicin is the current gold standard for the therapy ofC. difficile infections due to several beneficial features including its ability to suppress toxin synthesis inC. difficile. In contrast to the Rifamycins, Fidaxomicin binds to the RNA polymerase switch region, which is also the binding site for Myxopyronin B. Here, serial broth dilution assays were performed to test the susceptibility ofC. difficile and other anaerobe...
Source: Gut Pathogens - January 6, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Changes in the gut bacterial communities in colon cancer surgery patients: an observational study
ConclusionThis hypothesis-generating study showed rapid changes in the rectal microbiota following colon cancer surgery. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - January 4, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Influence of lincomycin-spectinomycin treatment on the outcome of Enterococcus cecorum infection and on the cecal microbiota in broilers
ConclusionsLincomycin-spectinomycin treatment during the first week of life can prevent the EC-associated disease in broiler type chickens and has a direct impact on the development of the cecal microbiota. The low abundance of EC in the ceca of infected chickens underlines the pathogenic nature of the disease-causing EC strains. Further research on alternative prevention and intervention strategies is needed with regard to current efforts on reducing the use of antibiotics in livestock animals. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - January 4, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund strain S16 isolated from chicken feces
ConclusionsComplete genome of strain S16 was sequenced. Comparative genomic analysis revealed several genes responsible for antibiotic resistance and specific genomic features of strain S16 and identified virulence factors that might contribute to the human and animal pathogenicity of otherS. Schwarzengrund genomes. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - January 4, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Epidemiological characteristics and genetic diversity of norovirus infections among outpatient children with diarrhea under 5  years of age in Beijing, China, 2011–2018
ConclusionsThere were significant epidemiological characteristics and genetic diversity among outpatient children with norovirus infections  <  5 years of age in Beijing from 2011 to 2018. These characteristics differ from those of norovirus outbreaks in Beijing. The complete genome sequences of each genotype are needed to better understand norovirus evolutionary mechanisms. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 24, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Assessing the impact of storage time on the stability of stool microbiota richness, diversity, and composition
ConclusionsThe results of this analysis suggest that several measures of alpha diversity, relative abundance, and overall community composition are robust to storage at 4  °C for up to 96 h. We found that the overall community richness was influenced by storage duration in addition to the relative abundances of sequences within theFirmicutes andBacteroidetes phyla. Finally, we demonstrate that inter-individual variability in microbiota composition was greater than the variability due to changing storage durations. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 20, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene profiles of Arcobacter species isolated from human stool samples, foods of animal origin, ready-to-eat salad mixes and environmental water
ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that food products and environmental water in Lithuania are frequently contaminated withArcobacter spp. that carry multiple putative virulence genes. Furthermore,A. butzleri were isolated from 1.7% of inpatients. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were found to be more effective againstArcobacter in comparison to other antimicrobial agents. However, further studies are needed to determine the pathogenic mechanisms and factors that facilitate the spread ofArcobacter infections. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 20, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Transcriptome-wide association study identified candidate genes associated with gut microbiota
ConclusionsOur study results provided novel insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of gut microbiota, and attempted to provide clues for revealing the influence of genetic factors on gut microbiota for the occurrence and development of diseases. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 18, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Retrospective analysis of Clostridioides difficile and other intestinal infections in patients with Crohn ’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the tertiary hospital in Poland. POLIBD survey results
ConclusionIntestinal infections were reported in 14.9% of patients (102/685) with IBD symptoms. Positive test results forC. difficile toxins A and B and rectal swab cultures among patients without IBD symptoms were reported in 35.7% of cases (281/786). Intestinal superinfections may complicate the clinical picture of IBD patients, increasing the diagnostic and therapeutic burden. Appropriate early procedures are thus needed in these patients. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 13, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Genomic adaptations of Campylobacter jejuni to long-term human colonization
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates how genomics, phylogenetics, 16S rRNA metabarcoding and biochemical markers can provide insight into howCampylobacter adapts to changing environments within human hosts. This study also demonstrates that long-term human colonization selects for changes inCampylobacter genes involved in cell motility, signal transduction and the MOMP; and that genetically distinct subpopulations ofCampylobacter evolve to adapt to the changing gastrointestinal environment. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 10, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Genome insights of Enterococcus raffinosus CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn ’s disease patient
ConclusionsEnterococcus spp. have a higher species-level diversity than is currently appreciated. The pathogenicity ofE. raffinosus is mainly determined by the genome-encoded virulence factors, while the megaplasmid broadens the gene function pool. The symbiosis between the genome and the megaplasmids endowsE. raffinosus with large genomic sizes as well as versatile gene functions, especially for their colonization, adaptation, virulence, and pathogenesis in the human gut. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 7, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Genome insights of Enterococcus raffinosus CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn ’s disease patient
ConclusionsEnterococcus spp. have a higher species-level diversity than is currently appreciated. The pathogenicity ofE. raffinosus is mainly determined by the genome-encoded virulence factors, while the megaplasmid broadens the gene function pool. The symbiosis between the genome and the megaplasmids endowsE. raffinosus with large genomic sizes as well as versatile gene functions, especially for their colonization, adaptation, virulence, and pathogenesis in the human gut. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 7, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Gut microbiota imbalance in colorectal cancer patients, the risk factor of COVID-19 mortality
ConclusionsOur work draws an initial point that gut microbiota imbalance is a risk factor of COVID-19 mortality and gut microbiota may provide a new therapeutic avenue for colorectal cancer patients. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - December 4, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Translocating lipopolysaccharide correlates with the severity of enterovirus A71-induced HFMD by promoting pro-inflammation and viral IRES activity
ConclusionsOur results collectively indicate that gut-derived translocating LPS contributes to the severity of EV-A71-induced HFMD by driving inflammatory response and viral proliferation via viral 2Apro-mediated IRES. (Source: Gut Pathogens)
Source: Gut Pathogens - November 22, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
