Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in coronary artery disease by machine learning, nomogram, and molecular docking
ConclusionsCSF3R, EED, HSPA1B, and IL17RA are potential diagnostic biomarkers for CAD. CAD pathogenesis is greatly influenced by patterns of immune cell infiltration. Promising drugs offers new prospects for the development of CAD therapy. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Transcriptome organization of white blood cells through gene co-expression network analysis in a large RNA-seq dataset
This study provides novel insights into the transcriptional architecture of human leukocytes, showing how network analysis can advance our understanding of coding and non-coding gene interactions in immune system cells. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Beyond 40 fluorescent probes for deep phenotyping of blood mononuclear cells, using spectral technology
The analytical capability of flow cytometry is crucial for differentiating the growing number of cell subsets found in human blood. This is important for accurate immunophenotyping of patients with few cells and a large number of parameters to monitor. Here, we present a 43-parameter panel to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals using 41 fluorescence-labelled monoclonal antibodies, an autofluorescent channel, and a viability dye. We demonstrate minimal population distortions that lead to optimized population identification and reproducible results. We have applied an advanced approach in pane...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Experimental trials of predicted CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus
ConclusionIn conclusion, epitopes of the F protein showed considerable immune response and are suitable for further validation. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies
Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Autoimmunity in thymic epithelial tumors: a not yet clarified pathologic paradigm associated with several unmet clinical needs
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare mediastinal cancers originating from the thymus, classified in two main histotypes: thymoma and thymic carcinoma (TC). TETs affect a primary lymphoid organ playing a critical role in keeping T-cell homeostasis and ensuring an adequate immunological tolerance against “self”. In particular, thymomas and not TC are frequently associated with autoimmune diseases (ADs), with Myasthenia Gravis being the most common AD present in 30% of patients with thymoma. This comorbidity, in addition to negatively affecting the quality and duration of patients’ life, reduces the spectrum of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 2, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Evaluation of tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors by a 3D immunotumoroid model
ConclusionOur immunotumoroid model replicated the multicellular nature of the tumor microenvironment sufficiently for preclinical ICI screening. This model could enable valuable insights into the complex interactions between cancer cells, the immune system, and the microenvironment. This is a feasibility study on a small number of cases, and additional studies with larger case numbers are required including correlation with clinical response. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
New insight into arginine and tryptophan metabolism in macrophage activation during tuberculosis
Arginine and tryptophan are pivotal in orchestrating cytokine-driven macrophage polarization and immune activation. Specifically, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression), leading to the conversion of arginine into citrulline and nitric oxide (NO), while Interleukin-4 (IL4) promotes arginase activation, shifting arginine metabolism toward ornithine. Concomitantly, IFN-γ triggers indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and Interleukin-4 induced 1 (IL4i1), resulting in the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine and indole-3-pyruvic acid. These metabolic pathways are tightly regu...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Cardiovascular risk and inflammation in a population with autoimmune diseases: a narrative review
Juvenile Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases (JSCTD) are a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune diseases, associated with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk are related. Studies from the last 10 years, from 2013 to 2022, on lipid profiles in JSCTD were collected. Different studies on lipid profiles in children affected by JSCTD were selected, because the aim is to analyze the cardiovascular risk and the possibility of atherosclerosis in these patients in whom, sometimes, corticosteroid therapies and immunosuppressants increase the state of dyslipidemia. Several studies have shown that autoimmune diseases w...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Deciphering the causal association and co-disease mechanisms between psoriasis and breast cancer
ConclusionThe results suggest that psoriasis may increase the risk of BC, especially ER- BC, while reverse MR suggests a decreased risk of psoriasis in Her2+ BC. Transcriptome analysis revealed a shared mechanism between psoriasis and BC. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
New insights into the role of macrophages in cancer immunotherapy
Macrophages are the main component of the tumor microenvironment, which are differentiated from monocytes in the blood and play an important role in cancer development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to anti–programmed death receptor 1 therapy by regulating programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and interacting with other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, when activated properly, macrophages can also play an anti-tumor role by enhancing the phagocytosis and cytotoxicity of tumor cells. TAM is associated with poor prognosis and drug ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The predictive value of PD-L1 expression in response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionPD-L1 expression might be a helpful biomarker for predicting PFS and OS in patients with BTC undergoing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The predictive value of PD-L1 expression can be significantly influenced by diagnostic or treatment variables.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023434114. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Advancing diabetes treatment: the role of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation
Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health challenge, significantly impacts societal and economic well-being. Islet transplantation is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes that aims to restore endogenous insulin production and mitigate complications associated with exogenous insulin dependence. We review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in enhancing the efficacy of islet transplantation. MSCs, characterized by their immunomodulatory properties and differentiation potential, are increasingly seen as valuable in enhancing islet graft survival, reducing immune-mediated rejection, and su...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Programmed cell death-ligand 2: new insights in cancer
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, with the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 axis therapy demonstrating significant clinical efficacy across various tumor types. However, it should be noted that this therapy is not universally effective for all PD-L1-positive patients, highlighting the need to expedite research on the second ligand of PD-1, known as Programmed Cell Death Receptor Ligand 2 (PD-L2). As an immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L2 was reported to be associated with patient’s prognosis and plays a pivotal role in cancer cell immune escape. An in-depth understanding of the regulatory process of PD-L2 expression may st...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Interleukin inhibitors and the associated risk of candidiasis
Interleukins (ILs) are vital in regulating the immune system, enabling to combat fungal diseases like candidiasis effectively. Their inhibition may cause enhanced susceptibility to infection. IL inhibitors have been employed to control autoimmune diseases and inhibitors of IL-17 and IL-23, for example, have been associated with an elevated risk of Candida infection. Thus, applying IL inhibitors might impact an individual’s susceptibility to Candida infections. Variations in the severity of Candida infections have been observed between individuals with different IL inhibitors, necessitating careful consideration of their ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
