Editorial: Emerging talents in alloimmunity and transplantation: 2022
(Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The graft versus leukemia effect: donor lymphocyte infusions and cellular therapy
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for many hematologic malignancies as well as non-malignant conditions. Part of the curative basis underlying HSCT for hematologic malignancies relies upon induction of the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect in which donor immune cells recognize and eliminate residual malignant cells within the recipient, thereby maintaining remission. GVL is a clinically evident phenomenon; however, specific cell types responsible for inducing this effect and molecular mechanisms involved remain largely undefined. One of the best examples of GVL is ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Identification of miRNAs that target Fc γ receptor-mediated phagocytosis during macrophage activation syndrome
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of systemic juvenile arthritis, accompanied by cytokine storm and hemophagocytosis. In addition, COVID-19–related hyperinflammation shares clinical features of MAS. Mechanisms that activate macrophages in MAS remain unclear. Here, we identify the role of miRNA in increased phagocytosis and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by macrophages in a murine model of MAS. MAS significantly increased F4/80+ macrophages and phagocytosis in the mouse liver. Gene expression profile revealed the induction of Fcγ receptor–mediated phagocytosis (FGRP) and IL-12 p...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Heterozygous mutations in factor H aggravate pathological damage in a stable IgA deposition model induced by Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract
DiscussionThe new mouse model shares many disease features with IgAN. The severity of glomerular lesions and the decline of kidney functions are further aggravated through complement overactivation. The model may be a useful tool for preclinical evaluation of treatment response to complement-inhibitors. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Causal role of immune cells in psoriasis: a Mendelian randomization analysis
ConclusionOur findings indicate strong causal correlations between 36 immunological phenotypes and psoriasis, thus, directing future clinical trials. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Effect of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines on obesity: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis
ConclusionOur findings support a causal relationship among gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. These biomarkers provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying obesity and contribute to its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
GD2-targeting therapy: a comparative analysis of approaches and promising directions
Disialoganglioside GD2 is a promising target for immunotherapy with expression primarily restricted to neuroectodermal and epithelial tumor cells. Although its role in the maintenance and repair of neural tissue is well-established, its functions during normal organism development remain understudied. Meanwhile, studies have shown that GD2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Its functions include proliferation, invasion, motility, and metastasis, and its high expression and ability to transform the tumor microenvironment may be associated with a malignant phenotype. Structurally, GD2 is a glycosphingolipid that is st...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Rapid identification of inflammatory arthritis and associated adverse events following immune checkpoint therapy: a machine learning approach
The objective of this study was to rapidly identify ICI-IA patients in clinical data and assess associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of the electronic health records (EHRs) of 89 patients who developed ICI-IA out of 2451 cancer patients who received ICI therapy at Northwestern University between March 2011 to January 2021. Logistic regression and random forest machine learning models were trained on all EHR diagnoses, labs, medications, and procedures to identify ICI-IA patients and EHR codes indicating ICI-IA. Multivariate logistic regression was then ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Extracellular vesicles as carriers for noncoding RNA-based regulation of macrophage/microglia polarization: an emerging candidate regulator for lung and traumatic brain injuries
This study will explore the latest findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of lung and traumatic brain injuries, with a specific focus on the involvement of ncRNAs within these vesicles. The conclusion of this review will emphasize the clinical opportunities presented by EV-ncRNAs, underscoring their potential functions as both biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The occurrence of immune-related adverse events is an independent risk factor both for serum HBsAg increase and HBV reactivation in HBsAg-positive cancer patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor combinational therapy
ConclusionPD-1 inhibitors combined with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) may exert therapeutic potential for chronic HBV infection in cancer patients. However, attention also should be paid to the risk of significant elevation in HBsAg levels, HBVr, and irAEs associated with PD-1 inhibitor combinational therapy. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis
Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction characterized by an unregulated host response to infection. It is associated with high morbidity, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Current therapies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment, such as blood volume supplementation and antibiotic use, but their effectiveness is limited. Th17/Treg balance, based on its inflammatory property, plays a crucial role in determining the direction of the inflammatory response and the regression of organ damage in sepsis patients. This review provides a summary of the changes in T-helper (Th) 17 cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell differenti...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Impact of glucocorticoids and rapamycin on autophagy in Candida glabrata-infected macrophages from BALB/c mice
ConclusionOur study elucidates the intricate interplay between glucocorticoids, rapamycin, and macrophage autophagy during Candida glabrata infection. Understanding the implications of these interactions not only sheds light on the host immune response dynamics but also unveils potential therapeutic avenues for managing fungal infections. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Untranslated regions (UTRs) are a potential novel source of neoantigens for personalised immunotherapy
ConclusionPrimeCUTR is a novel tool which complements existing neoantigen discovery approaches and has potential to increase the detection yield of neoantigens in personalised therapeutics, particularly for neoantigens with high dissimilarity to self. Further studies are warranted to confirm the expression and immunogenicity of UTR neoantigens. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in population with chronic kidney disease: evidence from NHANES (2001 –2018)
ConclusionHeightened SIRI independently poses a risk for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, with potentially heightened significance in the early stages (Stage I to Stage III) of chronic kidney disease. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Riboswitch-controlled IL-12 gene therapy reduces hepatocellular cancer in mice
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and solid cancers with liver metastases are indications with high unmet medical need. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a proinflammatory cytokine with substantial anti-tumor properties, but its therapeutic potential has not been realized due to severe toxicity. Here, we show that orthotopic liver tumors in mice can be treated by targeting hepatocytes via systemic delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors carrying the murine IL-12 gene. Controlled cytokine production was achieved in vivo by using the tetracycline-inducible K19 riboswitch. AAV-mediated expression of IL-12 led to STAT4 phosphory...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 15, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
