Anti-CD20 therapies in multiple sclerosis: From pathology to the clinic
The immune system plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis. While MS was historically thought to be T cell-mediated, multiple pieces of evidence now support the view that B cells are essential players in multiple sclerosis pathogenic processes. High-efficacy disease-modifying therapies that target the immune system have emerged over the past two decades. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies selectively deplete CD20+ B and CD20+ T cells and efficiently suppress inflammatory disease activity. These monotherapies prevent relapses, reduce new or active magnetic resonance imaging brain lesions, and lessen disability progressio...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
An updated review of the immunological mechanisms of keloid scars
Keloid is a type of disfiguring pathological scarring unique to human skin. The disorder is characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Immune cell infiltration is a hallmark of both normal and pathological tissue repair. However, the immunopathological mechanisms of keloid remain unclear. Recent studies have uncovered the pivotal role of both innate and adaptive immunity in modulating the aberrant behavior of keloid fibroblasts. Several novel therapeutics attempting to restore regulation of the immune microenvironment have shown variable efficacy. We review the current understanding of keloid immunopathogenesis and hi...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Pharmacological depletion of microglia alleviates neuronal and vascular damage in the diabetic CX3CR1-WT retina but not in CX3CR1-KO or hCX3CR1I249/M280-expressing retina
Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular disease characterized by irreparable vascular damage, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, is a leading complication of diabetes mellitus. There is no cure for DR, and medical interventions marginally slow the progression of disease. Microglia-mediated inflammation in the diabetic retina is regulated via CX3CR1-FKN signaling, where FKN serves as a calming signal for microglial activation in several neuroinflammatory models. Polymorphic variants of CX3CR1, hCX3CR1I249/M280, found in 25% of the human population, result in a receptor with lower binding affinity for FKN. Furthermore, d...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Characterization of the inflammatory proteome of synovial fluid from patients with psoriatic arthritis: Potential treatment targets
ConclusionThis is the first study that characterizes the inflammatory landscape of synovial fluid of PsA patients by analyzing a panel of 92 inflammatory proteins using PEA technology. Novel SF proteins have been described as potential pathogenic molecules involved in the pathogenesis of PsA. Despite the flare, inflammatory proteome could distinguish two different phenotypes related to systemic inflammation and lipid and glucose alterations. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Low humoral and cellular immune responses early after breakthrough infection may contribute to severe COVID-19
ConclusionsSevere breakthrough COVID-19 might be attributed by low humoral and cellular immune responses early after infection. In the vaccinated population, delayed humoral and cellular immune responses may contribute to severe breakthrough COVID-19. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Functions of exosomal non-coding RNAs to the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) which causes the world’s dominant fatal bacterial contagious disease. Increasing studies have indicated that exosomes may be a novel option for the diagnosis and treatment of TB. Exosomes are nanovesicles (30-150 nm) containing lipids, proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) released from various cells, and can transfer their cargos and communicate between cells. Furthermore, exosomal ncRNAs exhibit diagnosis potential in bacterial infections, including TB. Additionally, differential exosomal ncRNAs regulate the physiological and ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
DDX58 expression promotes inflammation and growth arrest in Sertoli cells by stabilizing p65 mRNA in patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome
In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that DDX58 promotes inflammatory responses and growth arrest in SCOS Sertoli cells by stabilizing p65 mRNA. Accordingly, the DDX58/p65 regulatory axis might be a therapeutic target for SCOS. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Longitudinal analysis of immunocyte responses and inflammatory cytokine profiles in SFTSV-infected rhesus macaques
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging bunyavirus, causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), with a high fatality rate of 20%–30%. At present, however, the pathogenesis of SFTSV remains largely unclear and no specific therapeutics or vaccines against its infection are currently available. Therefore, animal models that can faithfully recapitulate human disease are important to help understand and treat SFTSV infection. Here, we infected seven Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with SFTSV. Virological and immunological changes were monitored over 28 days post-infection...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Pancreatic cancer and fibrosis: Targeting metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment
This article reviews the impact of metabolic reprogramming, effect of obesity and cellular crosstalk of CAFs and tumor cells on fibrosis and describes relevant therapies targeting the metabolic reprogramming. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, gut barrier functions, immunity and serum metabolome in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned piglets
This study explored the effects of B. licheniformis on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier functions, immunity as well as serum metabolome in the weaned piglets exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred and twenty piglets weaned at four weeks of age were separated into two groups that received a basal diet (the control group, CON), and a basal diet complemented with B. licheniformis (500 mg/kg, the BL group, BL). Twenty-four piglets were chosen from the above two groups and 12 piglets were injected with LPS intraperitoneally at a concentration of 100 μg/kg and the others were injected with sterile saline...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Maternal provisions in type 1 diabetes: Evidence for both protective & pathogenic potential
Maternal influences on the immune health and development of an infant begin in utero and continue well into the postnatal period, shaping and educating the child’s maturing immune system. Two maternal provisions include early microbial colonizers to initiate microbiota establishment and the transfer of antibodies from mother to baby. Maternal antibodies are a result of a lifetime of antigenic experience, reflecting the infection history, health and environmental exposure of the mother. These same factors are strong influencers of the microbiota, inexorably linking the two. Together, these provisions help to educate the d...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on the prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and neurological complications
ConclusionProlonged high-dose IVIG is beneficial to the 28-day prognosis in SFTS patients with neurological complications. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
An ELISA-based assay for determining haemagglutinin potency in egg, cell, or recombinant protein derived influenza vaccines
ConclusionWe believe this homologous mAb ELISA is a suitable replacement for the SRID compendial assay for HA antigen quantitation and stability assessment. Identification of suitable mAbs that are applicable across multiple vaccine platforms with extended sub-type reactivity across a number of influenza seasons, indicate that this assay has broad applicability, leading to earlier availability of seasonal and pandemic vaccines without frequent replacement of polyclonal antisera that is required with SRID. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
CD300b regulates intestinal inflammation and promotes repair in colitis
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark charataristic of various inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. Subsequently, current therapeutic approaches target immune-mediated pathways as means for therapeutic intervention and promotion of mucosal healing and repair. Emerging data demonstrate important roles for CD300 receptor family members in settings of innate immunity as well as in allergic and autoimmune diseases. One of the main pathways mediating the activities of CD300 family members is via promotion of resolution through interactions with ligands expressed by viruses, bacteria, or dead cells (e.g., pho...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Microglial immune regulation by epigenetic reprogramming through histone H3K27 acetylation in neuroinflammation
Epigenetic reprogramming is the ability of innate immune cells to form memories of environmental stimuli (priming), allowing for heightened responses to secondary stressors. Herein, we explored microglial epigenetic marks using the known inflammagen LPS as a memory priming trigger and Parkinsonian-linked environmental neurotoxic stressor manganese (Mn) as the secondary environmental trigger. To mimic physiological responses, the memory priming trigger LPS treatment was removed by triple-washing to allow the cells’ acute inflammatory response to reset back before applying the secondary insult. Our results show that after ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
