Identification of a new genetic variant (G231N, E232T, N235D) of peptidylarginine deiminase from P. gingivalis in advanced periodontitis
Chronic periodontitis (CP), an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues driven by a dysbiotic subgingival bacterial biofilm, is also associated with several systemic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the bacterial species implicated in CP as a keystone pathogen produces peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD) that citrullinates C-terminal arginine residues in proteins and peptides. Autoimmunity to citrullinated epitopes is crucial in RA, hence PPAD activity is considered a possible mechanistic link between CP and RA. Here we determined the PPAD enzymatic activity produced by clin...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Reduced serum IgG galactosylation is associated with increased inflammation during relapses of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
ConclusionOur research identified reduced IgG galactosylation in the serum of NMOSD patients during relapses, significantly correlated with disease severity, thereby providing a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD in the realm of medical research. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Prevalence and duration of SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding in breastfeeding dyads following maternal COVID-19 diagnosis
We examined whether and to what extent SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in the feces of lactating women and their breastfed infants following maternal COVID-19 diagnosis.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study carried out from April 2020 to December 2021 involving 57 breastfeeding maternal-infant dyads: 33 dyads were enrolled within 7 d of maternal COVID-19 diagnosis, and 24 healthy dyads served as controls. Maternal/infant fecal samples were collected by participants, and surveys were administered via telephone over an 8-wk period. Feces were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.ResultsSigns/symptoms related to ears, eyes, nose, and throat ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Identification of B cell subsets based on antigen receptor sequences using deep learning
B cell receptors (BCRs) denote antigen specificity, while corresponding cell subsets indicate B cell functionality. Since each B cell uniquely encodes this combination, physical isolation and subsequent processing of individual B cells become indispensable to identify both attributes. However, this approach accompanies high costs and inevitable information loss, hindering high-throughput investigation of B cell populations. Here, we present BCR-SORT, a deep learning model that predicts cell subsets from their corresponding BCR sequences by leveraging B cell activation and maturation signatures encoded within BCR sequences....
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Circulating T cells: a promising biomarker of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy
Anti-PD-(L)1 therapy has shown great efficacy in some patients with cancer. However, a significant proportion of patients with cancer do not respond to it. Another unmet clinical need for anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is the dynamic monitoring of treatment effects. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that can stratify potential responders before PD-(L)1 treatment and timely monitoring of the efficacy of PD-(L)1 treatment are crucial in the clinical setting. The identification of biomarkers by liquid biopsy has attracted considerable attention. Among the identified biomarkers, circulating T cells are one of the most promising because ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Advancements in γδT cell engineering: paving the way for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Comprising only 1-10% of the circulating T cell population, γδT cells play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy due to their unique amalgamation of innate and adaptive immune features. These cells can secrete cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and can directly eliminate tumor cells through mechanisms like Fas/FasL and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Unlike conventional αβT cells, γδT cells can target a wide variety of cancer cells independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation and function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs)....
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in treating polymyositis/dermatomyositis: a single-arm systemic meta-analysis
DiscussionIn summary, this meta-analysis demonstrated that JAK inhibitors can potentially treat DM/PM without severe adverse reactions.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023416493, identifier CRD42023416493. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with distant metastasis: a real-world retrospective study
ConclusionsThe combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for ESCC patients with distant metastasis still has good efficacy and safety compared to clinical trials in the real world. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Differentiated pattern of complement system activation between MOG-IgG-associated disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
ConclusionsThis study indicates a higher prominence of complement pathway activation and subsequent C3 degradation in MOGAD compared to AQP4-NMOSD. On the other hand, the production of terminal complement complexes (TCC) was found to be more substantial in AQP4-NMOSD than in MOGAD. These findings suggest a strong regulation of the complement system, implying its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of MOGAD through mechanisms that extend beyond TCC formation. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Stressing out —carp edema virus induces stress and modulates immune response in common carp
ConclusionCEV induces a stress response and modulates adaptive immune response in koi, and this is correlated with the level of viral load and disease development. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Iron metabolism disorder and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive analysis
ConclusionThis study comprehensively explored the relationship between metabolism and MS through integrated bioinformatics analysis and Mendelian randomization methods. The findings provide important insights for further research into the role of iron metabolism disorder in the pathogenesis of MS and offer crucial theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of related diseases is changed to treatment of MS. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
QuantiFERON-TB reversion in children and adolescents with tuberculosis
We analyzed 136 children with tuberculosis disease or infection and a positive QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) assay, followed-up for a median of 21 months (0.4-11years). QFT reversed in 16.9% of cases, with significant decreases in TB1 (-1.72 vs. -0.03 IU/ml, p=0.001) and TB2 (-1.65 vs. -0.43 IU/ml, p=0.005) levels compared to non-reverters. We found a higher QFT reversion rate among children under 5 years (25.0% vs 11.9%, p=0.042), and those with TST induration <15mm (29% vs 13.3%, p=0.055). Our data reveal that, although QFT test remained positive in the majority of children, reversion occurred in 16% of cases in a progressive ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Mycobacterium bovis BCG as immunostimulating agent prevents the severe form of chronic experimental Chagas disease
ConclusionSerum cytokine production indicated a proinflammatory response in infected animals, while in those who received BCG, the response was balanced by inducing Th1/Th2-type cytokines, with a better prognosis of the disease in the chronic stage. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Disruption of IL-17-mediated immunosurveillance in the respiratory mucosa results in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infection
DiscussionOur results demonstrated that IL-17 plays a critical role in preventing invasive disease following S. pyogenes infection of the respiratory tract. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and autoimmune thyroid disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
ConclusionOur bidirectional MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and AITD. These findings offer valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AITD. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
