Tocilizumab-coated solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with cannabidiol as a novel drug delivery strategy for treating COVID-19: A review
Commonly used clinical strategies against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), including the potential role of monoclonal antibodies for site-specific targeted drug delivery, are discussed here. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) tailored with tocilizumab (TCZ) and loading cannabidiol (CBD) are proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 by oral route. TCZ, as a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody and an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor agonist, can attenuate cytokine storm in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. CBD (an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid and TCZ agonist) alleviates anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression. CBD, obtained from Ca...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and breakthrough infections enhance humoral and cellular immunity against variants of concern
In conclusion, the third vaccination was essential to increase IgG levels, mandatory to boost AIC against immune-escape variants, and induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Breakthrough infection with Omicron generates additional spike specificities covering all known variants. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
GPX3 and GSTT1 as biomarkers related to oxidative stress during renal ischemia reperfusion injuries and their relationship with immune infiltration
ConclusionThrough a comprehensive analysis of gene expression, our findings may provide new potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis of renal IRIs and a reliable basis for its early diagnosis as well as treatment. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Human seminal plasma stimulates the migration of CD11c+ mononuclear phagocytes to the apical side of the colonic epithelium without altering the junctional complexes in an ex vivo human intestinal model
In conclusion, even if HSP did not perturb the integrity of the human colonic mucosa, it affected the migration of a specific subset of MNPs that express CD11c towards the apical side of the colonic mucosa, which in turn may be involved in pathogen sampling. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in endometritis
Endometritis is a kind of common obstetric disease in women, usually caused by various pathogenic bacteria. Neutrophil infiltration is one of the most important pathological features of endometritis. Neutrophils can reach the uterine cavity through the endometrium, and make early response to the infection caused by the pathogen. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a meshwork of chromatin fibers extruded by neutrophils, have a role in entrapping microbial pathogens. It has been confirmed that NETs have a strong antibacterial effect and play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of various diseases. However, whi...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Towards a consensus definition of immune exclusion in cancer
ConclusionsWe have identified two key issues in existing definitions of immune exclusion, establishing clinically relevant cut-offs within the spectrum of immune cell infiltration as well as tumor heterogeneity. We propose an approach to overcome these limitations, by reporting the degree of immune cell infiltration, tying cut-offs to clinically meaningful outcome measures, maximizing the number of regions of a tumor that are analyzed and reporting the degree of heterogeneity. This will allow for a consensus practical definition for operationalizing this categorization into clinical trial and signal-seeking endpoints. (Sou...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immune transgene-dependent myocarditis in macaques after systemic administration of adeno-associated virus expressing human acid alpha-glucosidase
Immune responses to human non-self transgenes can present challenges in preclinical studies of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy candidates in nonhuman primates. Although anti-transgene immune responses are usually mild and non-adverse, they can confound pharmacological readouts and complicate translation of results between species. We developed a gene therapy candidate for Pompe disease consisting of AAVhu68, a clade F AAV closely related to AAV9, that expresses an engineered human acid-alpha glucosidase (hGAA) tagged with an insulin-like growth factor 2 variant (vIGF2) peptide for enhanced cell uptake. Rhesus mac...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials
ConclusionDietary polyphenols may improve DAS28, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and improve oxidative stress, etc. However, more RCTs are needed to verify or modify the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022315645. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The peculiar challenge of bringing CAR-T cells into the brain: Perspectives in the clinical application to the treatment of pediatric central nervous system tumors
Childhood malignant brain tumors remain a significant cause of death in the pediatric population, despite the use of aggressive multimodal treatments. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for these patients in order to improve prognosis, while reducing side effects and long-term sequelae of the treatment. Immunotherapy is an attractive option and, in particular, the use of gene-modified T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T cells) represents a promising approach. Major hurdles in the clinical application of this approach in neuro-oncology, however, exist. The peculiar location of brain tumors lead...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Abnormal thrombosis and neutrophil activation increase hospital-acquired sacral pressure injuries and morbidity in COVID-19 patients
Hospitalized patients have an increased risk of developing hospital-acquired sacral pressure injury (HASPI). However, it is unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects HASPI development. To explore the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HASPI development, we conducted a single institution, multi-hospital, retrospective study of all patients hospitalized for ≥5 days from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Patient demographics, hospitalization information, ulcer characteristics, and 30-day-related morbidity were collected for all patients with HASPIs, and intact skin was collected from HASPI borders in a patient subset. We ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Association of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid viral antigen and the receptor for advanced glycation end products with development of severe disease in patients presenting to the emergency department with COVID-19
DiscussionElevated RAGE and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid viral antigen on emergency department presentation are strongly associated with development of severe disease at 7 days. These findings are of clinical relevance for patient prognostication and triage as hospital systems continue to be overwhelmed. Further studies are warranted to determine the feasibility and utility of point-of care measurements of these biomarkers in the emergency department setting to improve patient prognostication and triage. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
VIGET: A web portal for study of vaccine-induced host responses based on Reactome pathways and ImmPort data
Host responses to vaccines are complex but important to investigate. To facilitate the study, we have developed a tool called Vaccine Induced Gene Expression Analysis Tool (VIGET), with the aim to provide an interactive online tool for users to efficiently and robustly analyze the host immune response gene expression data collected in the ImmPort/GEO databases. VIGET allows users to select vaccines, choose ImmPort studies, set up analysis models by choosing confounding variables and two groups of samples having different vaccination times, and then perform differential expression analysis to select genes for pathway enrich...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Identification of common molecular signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its influence on acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the main cause of COVID-19, causing hundreds of millions of confirmed cases and more than 18.2 million deaths worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of COVID-19 that leads to an increase in mortality, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) settings, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a high risk factor for COVID-19 and its related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms among AKI, CKD, and COVID-19 are unclear. Therefore, transcriptome analysis was performed to examine common pathways and molecular biomarkers for AKI, C...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Convalescent human IgG, but not IgM, from COVID-19 survivors confers dose-dependent protection against SARS-CoV-2 replication and disease in hamsters
This study adds to the growing body of literature that demonstrates neutralizing IgG antibodies are important for protection from SARS-CoV-2 disease, and confirms that polyclonal IgG in sera can be an effective preventative strategy if the neutralizing titers are sufficiently high. In the context of new variants, against which existing vaccines or monoclonal antibodies have reduced efficacy, sera from individuals who have recovered from infection with the emerging variant may potentially remain an efficacious tool. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
PCSK9 regulates the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy in lung cancer
This study aimed to explore whether PCSK9 expression in tumor tissue could predict the response of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the synergistic antitumor effect of the combination of the PCSK9 inhibitor with the anti-CD137 agonist. One hundred fifteen advanced NSCLC patients who received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were retrospectively studied with PCSK9 expression in baseline NSCLC tissues detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mPFS of the PCSK9lo group was significantly longer than that of the PCSK9hi group [8.1 vs. 3.6 months, hazard ratio (HR): 3.450; 95% confidence interv...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
