Identification of apolipoprotein B –reactive CDR3 motifs allows tracking of atherosclerosis-related memory CD4+T cells in multiple donors
DiscussionThe identified APOB-reactive expanded CD4+T cell clones and conserved motifs can be used to annotate and track human atherosclerosis-related autoreactive CD4+T cells and measure their clonal expansion. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Exploring secretory proteome and cytokine kinetic of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and planktonic bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly successful pathogen infecting various body parts and forming biofilms on natural and artificial surfaces resulting in difficult-to-treat and chronic infections. We investigated the secreted cytokines and proteomes of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers exposed to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms or planktonic bacteria. Additionally, the cytokine profiles in sera from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by S. aureus were investigated. The aim was to gain insights into the immune response involved and differentiate be...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
T cell dysfunction in elderly ARDS patients based on miRNA and mRNA integration analysis
ConclusionmiRNAs regulated the PD-1 and PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy pathway and Th2 pathway through miRNA interference action of mRNA. Integrated analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs showed that T cells were dysfunctional in ARDS patients. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Construction of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing PCV2 Cap, PCV3 Cap, and IL-4: investigation of their biological characteristics and immunogenicity
ConclusionrPRV-2Cap/3Cap and rPRV-2Cap/3Cap/IL4 hold promise as recombinant vaccines for the simultaneous prevention of PCV2, PCV3, and PRV, while IL-4, as a vaccine molecular adjuvant, effectively enhances the immune response of the vaccine. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Discovery of an independent poor-prognosis subtype associated with tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer
DiscussionOur study is a robust foundation for precision medicine and personalized therapy, presenting a novel perspective for the contemporary classification of breast cancer. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Ultrasound-triggered with ROS-responsive SN38 nanoparticle for enhanced combination cancer immunotherapy
Controlled generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential in cancer therapy. Ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown considerable ability to trigger in situ ROS generation. Unfortunately, US therapy alone is insufficient to trigger an efficient anticancer response, owing to the induction of multiple immunosuppressive factors. It was identified that 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) could notably inhibit DNA topoisomerase I, induce DNA damage and boost robust anticancer immunity. However, limited by the low metabolic stability, poor bioavailability, and dose-limiting toxicity, t...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Generalized pustular psoriasis in a toddler with IL36RN mutation: a case report
Generalized Pustular Psoriasis (GPP) is a dermatological autoinflammatory disease that rarely occurs in children and is associated with complex genetic factors. GPP pathogenesis has been associated with mutations in IL36RN gene, which encodes an interleukin-36 receptor antagonist. GPP usually occurs without a history of psoriasis in the patients or their family members. This case report describes the clinical course of a 3-year-old toddler with GPP. The diagnosis of GPP was confirmed through a comprehensive series of examinations, and genetic testing revealed an IL36RN mutation, providing further insight into the genetic b...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Predicting immunotherapy response in melanoma using a novel tumor immunological phenotype-related gene index
In this study, we developed a novel TIPRGPI consisting of 20 genes using Univariate Cox regression and the LASSO algorithm. The high and low-risk groups based on TIPRGPI exhibited distinct mutation profiles, hallmark pathways, and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.ResultsNotably, significant differences in tumor immunogenicity and TIDE were observed between the risk groups, suggesting a better response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the low-TIPRGPI group. Additionally, molecular docking predicted 10 potential drugs that bind to the core target, PTPRC, of the TIPRGPI signature.DiscussionOur fi...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The ST2+ Treg/amphiregulin axis protects from immune-mediated hepatitis
IntroductionThe alarmin IL-33 has been implicated in the pathology of immune-mediated liver diseases. IL-33 activates regulatory T cells (Tregs) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing the IL-33 receptor ST2. We have previously shown that endogenous IL-33/ST2 signaling activates ILC2s that aggravate liver injury in murine immune-mediated hepatitis. However, treatment of mice with exogenous IL-33 before induction of hepatitis ameliorated disease severity. Since IL-33 induces expression of amphiregulin (AREG) crucial for Treg function, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of the ST2+ Treg/AREG axis in immune...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Toward reproducible tumor organoid culture: focusing on primary liver cancer
Organoids present substantial potential for pushing forward preclinical research and personalized medicine by accurately recapitulating tissue and tumor heterogeneity in vitro. However, the lack of standardized protocols for cancer organoid culture has hindered reproducibility. This paper comprehensively reviews the current challenges associated with cancer organoid culture and highlights recent multidisciplinary advancements in the field with a specific focus on standardizing liver cancer organoid culture. We discuss the non-standardized aspects, including tissue sources, processing techniques, medium formulations, and ma...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases
CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of the immunomodulatory cell population that can inhibit both innate and adaptive immunity by various regulatory mechanisms. In hepatic microenvironment, proliferation, plasticity, migration, and function of Tregs are interrelated to the remaining immune cells and their secreted cytokines and chemokines. In normal conditions, Tregs protect the liver from inflammatory and auto-immune responses, while disruption of this crosstalk between Tregs and other immune cells may result in the progression of chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatic malignancy. In t...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The antibodies 3D12 and 4D12 recognise distinct epitopes and conformations of HLA-E
The commonly used antibodies 3D12 and 4D12 recognise the human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) protein. These antibodies bind distinct epitopes on HLA-E and differ in their ability to bind alleles of the major histocompatibility complex E (MHC-E) proteins of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. We confirmed that neither antibody cross-reacts with classical HLA alleles, and used hybrids of different MHC-E alleles to map the regions that are critical for their binding. 3D12 recognises a region on the alpha 3 domain, with its specificity for HLA-E resulting from the amino acids present at three key positions (219, 223 and 224) that ar...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Suppression of the growth and metastasis of mouse melanoma by Taenia crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti tapeworms
This study unveils the complex interplay between tapeworm infections, immune responses, and melanoma progression, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the mechanisms driving observed tumor-suppressive effects. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia following immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in two patients with metastatic melanoma: a case report
ConclusionHematologic immune-related adverse events due to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors are rare but can have life-threatening consequences. If dyspnea and other clinical symptoms are present, AIHA should be considered as a potential cause and treated promptly in a multidisciplinary setting. An expanded comprehension of risk factors and pathogenesis of AIHA is needed to identify high-risk patients beforehand, leading to more effective predictive and reactive treatment approaches. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Alveolar cytokines and interferon autoantibodies in COVID-19 ARDS
ConclusionsPatients with CARDS exhibited greater alveolo-capillary barrier disruption with compartmentalization of IL-8, regardless of DXM treatment, whereas systemic and alveolar levels of IL-6 were lower in the DXM-treated subgroup. IFN-I autoantibodies were higher in the BALF of CARDS patients, independent of DXM, whereas IFN autoantibodies in plasma were similar to those in controls. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
