Comprehensive analysis, immune, and cordycepin regulation for SOX9 expression in pan-cancers and the matched healthy tissues
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) (OMIM 608160) is a transcription factor. The expression of SOX9 in pan-cancers and the regulation by small molecules in cancer cell lines are unclear. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of SOX9 in normal tissues, tumor tissues and their matched healthy tissues in pan-cancers. The study examined the correlation between immunomodulators and immune cell infiltrations in normal and tumor tissues. Cordycepin (CD), an adenosine analog for SOX9 expression regulation, was also conducted on cancer cells. The results found that SOX9 protein is expressed in a variety...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in hematological malignancies: Current knowledge, pending questions
Non-classical HLA restricted T cell subsets such as γδ T and NK-T cells are showing promises for immune-based therapy of hematological malignancies. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) belong to this family of innate-like T cell subsets and are the focus of many studies on infectious diseases, owing to their unusual recognition of bacterial/fungal metabolites. Their ability to produce type 1 cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα) as well as cytotoxic effector molecules endows them with potential anti-tumor functions. However, their contribution to tumor surveillance in solid cancers is unclear, and only few studies have specif...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Multi-faceted role of LRP1 in the immune system
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents the major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT). GVHD-prone patients rely on GVHD prophylaxis (e.g. methotrexate) and generalized anti-GVHD medical regimen (glucocorticoids). New anti-GVHD therapy strategies are being constantly explored, however there is an urgent need to improve current treatment, since GVHD-related mortality reaches 22% within 5 years in patients with chronic GVHD. This review is an attempt to describe a very well-known receptor in lipoprotein studies – the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) -...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Ankylosing spondylitis and glaucoma in European population: A Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionThe results of the MR analysis suggested a causal relationship between AS and glaucoma in the European population. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanism between these two diseases. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Case report: Preliminary response to tislelizumab plus S-1 in patients with metastatic gallbladder carcinoma: A report of five cases and a literature review
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) and cholangiocarcinoma are common cancers of the biliary system and are associated with a poor prognosis. Surgery and chemotherapy provide limited benefit to patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma. Novel immunotherapies and molecularly targeted therapies are more effective options; however, few patients benefit and drug resistance is a concern. Here, we report five cases of advanced GBC with either high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression or a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H). The patients were treated with a combination therapy of tislelizumab and S-1. The tumors were effectivel...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The role of immunometabolism in macrophage polarization and its impact on acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome
Lung macrophages constitute the first line of defense against airborne particles and microbes and are key to maintaining pulmonary immune homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that macrophages also participate in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including the modulation of inflammatory responses and the repair of damaged lung tissues. The diversity of their functions may be attributed to their polarized states. Classically activated or inflammatory (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages are the two main polariz...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Effective differentiation of double negative thymocytes requires high fidelity replication of mitochondrial DNA in an age dependent manner
One of the most proliferative periods for T cells occurs during their development in the thymus. Increased DNA replication can result in increased DNA mutations in the nuclear genome, but also in mitochondrial genomes. A high frequency of mitochondrial DNA mutations can lead to abnormal mitochondrial function and have negative implications on human health. Furthermore, aging is accompanied by an increase in such mutations through oxidative damage and replication errors. Increased mitochondrial DNA mutations cause loss of mitochondrial protein function, and decrease energy production, substrates, and metabolites. Here we ha...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Time series clustering of T cell subsets dissects heterogeneity in immune reconstitution and clinical outcomes among MUD-HCT patients receiving ATG or PTCy
DiscussionThe improved understanding of the heterogeneity of cellular reconstitution in MUD patients with T cell manipulation both at the cohort and individual level may support clinicians in managing HCT complications. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Protection from COVID-19 disease in hamsters vaccinated with subunit SARS-CoV-2 S1 mucosal vaccines adjuvanted with different adjuvants
In this study, we used a hamster model, which mimics the human scenario and reliably exhibits severe SARS-CoV-2 disease similar to hospitalized patients, to investigate the protection efficacy of the vaccines against COVID-19 disease. We compared the weight loss, viral loads (VLs), and clinical observation scores of three different vaccine regimens. All three regimens consisted of priming/boosting with S1 subunit vaccines, but adjuvanted with alum and/or CP15 administrated by either intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes: Group 1 was adjuvanted with alum/alum administrated IM/IM; Group 2 was alum-IM/CP15-IN; and Grou...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Abundance of ACVR1B transcript is elevated during septic conditions: Perspectives obtained from a hands-on reductionist investigation
Sepsis is a complex heterogeneous condition, and the current lack of effective risk and outcome predictors hinders the improvement of its management. Using a reductionist approach leveraging publicly available transcriptomic data, we describe a knowledge gap for the role of ACVR1B (activin A receptor type 1B) in sepsis. ACVR1B, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, was selected based on the following: 1) induction upon in vitro exposure of neutrophils from healthy subjects with the serum of septic patients (GSE49755), and 2) absence or minimal overlap between ACVR1B, sepsis, inflammation, ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Exosomes in liver fibrosis: The role of modulating hepatic stellate cells and immune cells, and prospects for clinical applications
Liver fibrosis is a global health problem caused by chronic liver injury resulting from various factors. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been found to play a major role in liver fibrosis, and pathological stimuli lead to their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Complex multidirectional interactions between HSCs, immune cells, and cytokines are also critical for the progression of liver fibrosis. Despite the advances in treatments for liver fibrosis, they do not meet the current medical needs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter and are capable of intercellular transport of molecules such ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The current landscape of CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors: Mechanisms, research progress, challenges, and counterstrategies
In this study, we reviewed the antigens that CAR T-cells have been clinically trained to recognize, as well as counterstrategies to overcome the limitations of CAR T-cell therapy, such as recent advances in CAR T-cell engineering and the use of several therapies in combination to optimize their clinical efficacy in solid tumors. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Identification of immunotherapy and chemotherapy-related molecular subtypes in colon cancer by integrated multi-omics data analysis
ConclusionIn conclusion, our study identified three clinically relevant subtypes of colon cancer and developed a robust prognostic model based on gene pairs. The developed web tool is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in risk scoring and therapy stratification in colon cancer patients, and the practical nomogram can be extended to other cancer types. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Hormonal and inflammatory modulatory effects of hesperidin in hyperthyroidism-modeled rats
In conclusion, hesperidin possesses anti-hyperthyroidism, immunoinflammatory regulatory, and antioxidant activities that evidenced from the improvement of physio-architecture of the thyroid gland, reduction of inflammation and restoration of the impaired oxidative stress. This effect might be mechanized through immunological, inflammatory, apoptotic, and/or antioxidant modulatory pathways. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Biomarkers of fibrosis, kidney tissue injury and inflammation may predict severity and outcome of renal ANCA – associated vasculitis
ConclusionsThis small pilot study suggests that selected urinary biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation may reflect changes in the kidney biopsy and be prognostic of kidney outcome in patients with AAV. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
