Editorial: Quantification of immunological memory
(Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Clinical manifestations and approach to the management of patients with common variable immunodeficiency and liver disease
ConclusionLiver disease varies in severity and may contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in patients with CVID. Hence the importance of close follow-up and screening of this CVID complication to prompt early targeted intervention. Further research is needed to evaluate the pathophysiology of liver disease in patients with CVID to identify personalized treatment options. This study emphasizes the urgent need to develop international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of this CVID complication. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Revolutionizing anti-tumor therapy: unleashing the potential of B cell-derived exosomes
B cells occupy a vital role in the functioning of the immune system, working in tandem with T cells to either suppress or promote tumor growth within the tumor microenvironment(TME). In addition to direct cell-to-cell communication, B cells and other cells release exosomes, small membrane vesicles ranging in size from 30-150 nm, that facilitate intercellular signaling. Exosome research is an important development in cancer research, as they have been shown to carry various molecules such as major histocompatibility complex(MHC) molecules and integrins, which regulate the TME. Given the close association between TME and can...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Two tripartite classification systems of CD86+ and CD206+ macrophages are significantly associated with tumor recurrence in stage II-III colorectal cancer
ConclusionsRatio and quantity subgroups could serve as independent prognostic indicators that could potentially be incorporated into the tumor staging algorithm to improve prognostic stratification and provide better predictions of survival outcomes in stage II-III CRC after adjuvant chemotherapy. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Free heme exacerbates colonic injury induced by anti-cancer therapy
Gastrointestinal inflammation and bleeding are commonly induced by cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy but mechanisms are unclear. We demonstrated an increased number of infiltrating heme oxygenase-1 positive (HO-1+) macrophages (Mø, CD68+) and the levels of hemopexin (Hx) in human colonic biopsies from patients treated with radiation or chemoradiation versus non-irradiated controls or in the ischemic intestine compared to matched normal tissues. The presence of rectal bleeding in these patients was also correlated with higher HO-1+ cell infiltration. To functionally assess the role of free heme released in the gut, we e...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Dysregulated peripheral proteome reveals NASH-specific signatures identifying patient subgroups with distinct liver biology
ConclusionNASH patients have a distinct inflammatory serum protein signature, which can be mapped to the liver parenchyma, disease pathogenesis, and identifies subgroups of NASH patients with altered liver biology. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Stromal circuits involving tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts
The tumor associated macrophages (TAM) represent one of most abundant subpopulations across several solid cancers and their number/frequency is associated with a poor clinical outcome. It has been clearly demonstrated that stromal cells, such as the cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), may orchestrate TAM recruitment, survival and reprogramming. Today, single cell-RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) technologies allowed a more granular knowledge about TAMs and CAFs phenotypical and functional programs. In this mini-review we discuss the recent discoveries in the sc-RNA seq field focusing on TAM and CAF identity and their crosstal...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Cell metabolism-based optimization strategy of CAR-T cell function in cancer therapy
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has revolutionized the field of immune-oncology, showing remarkable efficacy against hematological malignancies. However, its success in solid tumors is limited by factors such as easy recurrence and poor efficacy. The effector function and persistence of CAR-T cells are critical to the success of therapy and are modulated by metabolic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by acidity, hypoxia, nutrient depletion, and metabolite accumulation caused by the high metabolic de...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Atypical Sweet syndrome: skin sinus tracts in an acutely febrile patient after lymphoma treatment: a case report
Sweet syndrome (SS) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that involves painful skin, edematous, red papules, plaques, or nodules often accompanied by fever and leukocytosis. SS has three subtypes, including classical, malignant-tumor associated, and drug-induced SS (DISS). Patients with DISS have clear histories of recent drug exposure. The incidence of SS is high in hematological malignancy but rare in lymphomas. Glucocorticoid treatment is the recommended treatment for all subtypes of SS. This case study describes a male patient who had a history of sALCL(Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma) and was treated with multi...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Variable neutralizing antibody responses to 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants in natural infection with wild- type (B.1) virus, Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants and COVISHIELD vaccine immunization in India: utility of the MSD platform
In conclusion, our data show that the Nab response of patients to multiple variants depends on the infecting variant. We confirm superiority of hybrid immunity in neutralizing multiple variants. Depending on the infecting variant pre- or postvaccination, immune response to different vaccines in different populations will vary and impact protection against emerging variants. The MSD platform provides an excellent alternative to live virus/pseudovirus neutralization tests. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Exploring the role of T helper subgroups and their cytokines in the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension
(Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Amide-containing neoepitopes: the key factor in the preparation of hapten-specific antibodies and a strategy to overcome
For a long time, people have suffered from uncertainty, complexity, and a low success rate in generating and screening antibodies against small molecules, which have become the core bottlenecks of immunochemistry. Here, the influence of antigen preparation on antibody generation was investigated at both molecular and submolecular levels. Neoepitopes (amide-containing neoepitopes) formed in the preparation of complete antigens are one of the most important factors limiting the efficiency of generating hapten-specific antibodies, which was verified by different haptens, carrier proteins, and conjugation conditions. Amide-con...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Immune-related adverse effects of checkpoint immunotherapy and implications for the treatment of patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases
During the past decade, there has been a revolution in cancer therapeutics by the emergence of antibody-based immunotherapies that modulate immune responses against tumors. These therapies have offered treatment options to patients who are no longer responding to classic anti-cancer therapies. By blocking inhibitory signals mediated by surface receptors that are naturally upregulated during activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and T cells, predominantly PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, as well as CTLA-4, such blocking agents have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, breaking these inhibitory signals cannot be select...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Downregulation of interleukin 6 signaling might reduce the risk of periodontitis: a drug target Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionIn conclusion, genetically proxied downregulation of IL-6 signaling was associated with lower odds of periodontitis and CRP might be a causal target for the effect of IL-6 on the risk of periodontitis. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Analyzing the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on Parkinson ’s disease symptoms
ConclusionThere was strong evidence of worsening of PD symptoms post COVID-19 vaccination, however it was mostly mild and limited to a couple of days. The worsening had statistically significant moderate positive correlation with vaccine hesitancy and post-vaccine general side effects. A possible causative mechanism of PD symptom worsening using existing scientific knowledge would be stress and anxiety associated with vaccine hesitancy and the extent of post-vaccine general side effects (fever, chills, pain), likely via simulating a mild systemic infection/inflammation the latter already established causes of PD symptom wo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
