The clinical relevance of heme detoxification by the macrophage heme oxygenase system
Heme degradation by the heme oxygenase (HMOX) family of enzymes is critical for maintaining homeostasis and limiting heme-induced tissue damage. Macrophages express HMOX1 and 2 and are critical sites of heme degradation in healthy and diseased states. Here we review the functions of the macrophage heme oxygenase system and its clinical relevance in discrete groups of pathologies where heme has been demonstrated to play a driving role. HMOX1 function in macrophages is essential for limiting oxidative tissue damage in both acute and chronic hemolytic disorders. By degrading pro-inflammatory heme and releasing anti-inflammato...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles supply antigens for CD1a-resticted T cells and promote their type 2 bias in the context of filaggrin insufficiency
DiscussionWe determined that sEVs constitute a source of antigens suitable for CD1a-mediated presentation to T cells. Lipids enclosed within the sEVs secreted on the background of filaggrin insufficiency contribute to allergic inflammation by reducing type 1 responses and inducing a type 2 bias from CD1a-restricted T cells, thus likely perpetuating allergic inflammation in the skin. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
BmSPP is a virus resistance gene in Bombyx mori
DiscussionCollectively, this work demonstrates that BmSPP plays a negative regulatory role in silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection and is involved in virus proliferation and replication processes. This finding suggests that BmSPP servers as a target gene for BmNPV virus resistance in silkworms and can be utilized in resistance breeding programs. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Prolonged dialysis during ex vivo lung perfusion promotes inflammatory responses
Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has extended the number of transplantable lungs by reconditioning marginal organs. However, EVLP is performed at 37°C without homeostatic regulation leading to metabolic wastes’ accumulation in the perfusate and, as a corrective measure, the costly perfusate is repeatedly replaced during the standard of care procedure. As an interesting alternative, a hemodialyzer could be placed on the EVLP circuit, which was previously shown to rebalance the perfusate composition and to maintain lung function and viability without appearing to impact the global gene expression in the lung. Here, we assess...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Editorial: Gastropoda immunity and host-pathogen interactions
(Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Case report: Envafolimab causes local skin necrosis
Envafolimab is a Chinese domestic innovative fusion of a humanized single-domain programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (dAb) and human immunoglobulin IgG1 crystalline fragment (Fc) developed for subcutaneous injections. It was granted conditional market authorization by the China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) in December 2021. Envafolimab is used to treat adult patients with previously treated microsatellite instability—high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) advanced solid tumors, including patients with advanced colorectal cancer disease progression who were previously administered fluoro...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte named after the presence of their eosin-stained granules. Traditionally, eosinophils have been best known to play prominent roles in anti-parasitic responses and mediating allergic reactions. Knowledge of their behaviour has expanded with time, and they are now recognized to play integral parts in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal, respiratory, skeletal muscle, adipose, and connective tissue systems. As such, they are implicated in a myriad of pathologies, and have been the target of several medical therapies. This review focuses on the lifespan of eosinophils, from their origins in ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in sarcoma: a two-center study
ConclusionImmunotherapy is an effective treatment modality for sarcoma with manageable safety. Further inclusion of more patients or prospective clinical trials is needed to validate these findings. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Association of autoimmune and allergic diseases with senile cataract: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionsThe results of the MR analysis showed that there were causal relationships between type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma, allergic rhinitis and senile cataract. To clarify the possible role of autoimmune and allergy in the pathophysiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 22, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Macrophage-induced reactive oxygen species in the initiation of pancreatic cancer: a mini-review
Pancreatic inflammation is a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. Increased presence of inflammatory macrophages can be found in response to a KRAS mutation in acinar cells or in response to experimentally-induced pancreatitis. Inflammatory macrophages induce pancreatic acinar cells to undergo dedifferentiation to a duct-like progenitor stage, a process called acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM). Occurrence of ADM lesions are believed to be the initiating event in tumorigenesis. Here we will discuss how macrophage-induced oxidative stress contributes to ADM and how ADM cells shape the fibrotic stroma needed ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Predictive factors of psychiatric syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
ConclusionsDisease activity reflected by SLEDAI-2K score is a predictor for NPSLE. Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with mood disorders in SLE. Further separate investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders is needed in order to better comprehend NPSLE’s pathological mechanism. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The role of TIM-3 in sepsis: a promising target for immunotherapy?
Sepsis remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with limited effective treatment options. The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in various immune-related disorders. This narrative review aims to explore the role of TIM-3 in sepsis and evaluate its potential as a promising target for immunotherapy. We discuss the dynamic expression patterns of TIM-3 during sepsis and its involvement in regulating immune responses. Furthermore, we examine the preclinical studies investigating the regulation of TIM-3 signaling pathways in...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Bacterial membrane vesicles: orchestrators of interkingdom interactions in microbial communities for environmental adaptation and pathogenic dynamics
We describe the formation mechanism, composition, structure, and functions of MVs, and discuss the various roles of MVs in bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. Additionally, we analyze the limitations and challenges of MV-related research and prospect the potential applications of MVs in environmental adaptation, pathogenic mechanisms, and novel therapeutic strategies. This review emphasizes the significance of understanding and studying MVs for the development of new insights into bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic processes. Overall, this review contributes to our understanding of ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Clinical and immunologic features of co-infection in COVID-19 patients, along with potential traditional Chinese medicine treatments
ConclusionCo-infection emerges as a dangerous factor for COVID-19 patients, elevating the risk of severe pneumonia and mortality. Co-infection suppresses the host’s immune response by reducing the number of lymphocytes and increasing inflammation, thereby diminishing the antiviral and anti-infective effects of the immune system, which promotes the severity of the disease. Therefore, it is crucial to implement infection prevention measures to minimize the spread of co-infections among COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Additionally, changes in these biomarkers provide a theoretical basis for the effective treatment of co-inf...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising frontier in cancer treatment, especially for solid tumours. While immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have demonstrated impressive results, their limitations in inducing complete tumour regression have spurred researchers to explore new approaches targeting tumours resistant to current immunotherapies. OVs, both natural and genetically engineered, selectively replicate within cancer cells, inducing their lysis while sparing normal tissues. Recent advancements in clinical research and genetic engineering have enabled the development of tar...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 21, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
