Metabolism-driven glycosylation represents therapeutic opportunities in interstitial lung diseases
Metabolic changes are coupled with alteration in protein glycosylation. In this review, we will focus on macrophages that are pivotal in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis and thanks to their adaptable metabolism are an attractive therapeutic target. Examples presented in this review demonstrate that protein glycosylation regulates metabolism-driven immune responses in macrophages, with implications for fibrotic processes and granuloma formation. Targeting proteins that regulate glycosylation, such as fucosyltransferases, neuraminidase 1 and chitinase 1 could effectively block immunometabolic changes dr...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Unraveling the chicken T cell repertoire with enhanced genome annotation
T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the diversity and functionality of T cells within the host immune system. Yet, the chicken TCR repertoire remains poorly understood due to incomplete genome annotation of the TCR loci, despite the importance of chickens in agriculture and as an immunological model. Here, we addressed this critical issue by employing 5’ rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (5’RACE) TCR repertoire sequencing with molecular barcoding of complementary DNA (cDNA) molecules. Simultaneously, we enhanced the genome annotation of TCR Variable (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Circulating tumor-associated antigen-specific IFN γ+4-1BB+ CD8+ T cells as peripheral biomarkers of treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer
In this study, we measured peripheral antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses against four different tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in PDAC using flow cytometry and investigated their relationships with clinical features. We analyzed the optimal timing within the treatment course for effective immune checkpoint inhibition in vitro. We demonstrated that the frequency of TAA-specific IFNγ+4-1BB+ CD8+ T cells was correlated with a fold reduction in CA19-9 before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Moreover, patients with TAA-specific IFNγ+4-1BB+ CD8+ T cells after surgery exhibited a significantly improved disease-free survival...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Identification and validation of hub genes expressed in ulcerative colitis with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
ConclusionThis bioinformatics analysis highlights CXCR4, THY1, CCL20, and CD2 as crucial genes involved in the co-occurrence of UC and MASLD, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of these two conditions. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
SAP-expressing T peripheral helper cells identify systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lupus nephritis
ConclusionThe expansion of SAP-expressing T helper cells was associated with LN in our cohort and verified using scRNA-seq data of renal infiltrating T cells. Improved SLAM and SAP signaling understanding can identify new therapeutic targets in LN. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A genome-wide cross-trait analysis identifies shared loci and causal relationships of obesity and lipidemic traits with psoriasis
ConclusionsAn intrinsic link between obesity-related traits and psoriasis has been demonstrated. The genetic correlation and causal role of obesity-related traits in psoriasis highlight the significance of weight management in both the prevention and treatment of this condition. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
T-cell count and T-cell telomere length in patients with severe COVID-19
Lymphocyte telomere length (TL) is highly variable and shortens with age. Short telomeres may impede TL-dependent T-cell clonal expansion with viral infection. As SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce prolonged and severe T-cell lymphopenia, infected adults, and particularly older adults with short telomeres, may display severe T-cell lymphopenia. To examine the relationship between T-cell TL parameters and T-cell counts, we studied 40 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. T-cells were isolated from lymphocytes, counted using flow cytometry, and their TL parameters were measured using the Telomere Shortest Length Assay. Th...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Discovering single cannabidiol or synergistic antitumor effects of cannabidiol and cytokine-induced killer cells on non-small cell lung cancer cells
ConclusionsTaken together, CBD holds a great potential for treating NSCLC with CIK cell immunotherapy. In addition, we utilized NSCLC with different driver mutations to investigate the efficacy of CBD. Our findings might provide evidence for CBD-personized treatment with NSCLC patients. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Circadian disruption dysregulates lung gene expression associated with inflammatory lung injury
ConclusionCircadian rhythm disruption results in exacerbated immune response and dysregulated expression of cytoskeletal genes involved in the regulation of epithelial and vascular barrier integrity—the mechanistic underpinnings of acute lung injury. Further studies need to explore circadian disorganization as a druggable target. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 14, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
C1q and HBHA-specific IL-13 levels as surrogate plasma biomarkers for monitoring tuberculosis treatment efficacy: a cross-sectional cohort study in Paraguay
ConclusionThis observational study provides new insights on host immune responses throughout anti-TB treatment and emphasizes the role of host C1q and HBHA-specific IL-13 response as surrogate plasma biomarkers for monitoring TB treatment efficacy. (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 13, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
LTX-315 triggers anticancer immunity by inducing MyD88-dependent maturation of dendritic cells
LTX-315 is a synthetic cationic oncolytic peptide with potent anticancer activity but limited toxicity for non-malignant cells. LTX-315 induces both immunogenic tumor cell death and generation of tumor-specific immune responses in multiple experimental tumor models. Given the central role of dendritic cell (DC) maturation in the induction of antigen-specific immunity, we investigated the effect of LTX-315 treatment on the maturation of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TiDCs) and the generation of anti-melanoma immunity. We found that LTX-315 treatment induces the maturation of DCs, both indirectly through the release of cancer cell...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 13, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Case report: Long-term follow-up of patients who received a FimCH vaccine for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections caused by antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a case report series
Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are considered one of the most urgent health threats to humans according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO). A FimCH Vaccine expanded access study is being conducted in patients with a history of antibiotic resistant UTIs who are considered to be at risk for development of CRE UTI. This case series describes the clinical, safety and immunogenicity findings for four participants who received a FimCH four-vaccine series. Participants were followed for 12 months after administration of the four...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 13, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
The role of dermal fibroblasts in autoimmune skin diseases
Fibroblasts are an important subset of mesenchymal cells in maintaining skin homeostasis and resisting harmful stimuli. Meanwhile, fibroblasts modulate immune cell function by secreting cytokines, thereby implicating their involvement in various dermatological conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and atopic dermatitis. Recently, variations in the subtypes of fibroblasts and their expression profiles have been identified in these prevalent autoimmune skin diseases, implying that fibroblasts may exhibit distinct functionalities across different diseases. In this review, from the perspective of their fundamental functions ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 13, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex as a serum biomarker for COVID-19
(Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 13, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Recent progress in combination therapy of oncolytic vaccinia virus
In recent years, oncolytic viruses have emerged as promising agents for treating various cancers. An oncolytic virus is a non-pathogenic virus that, due to genetic manipulation, tends to replicate in and cause lysis of cancerous cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Among these viruses, vaccinia virus is an attractive platform for use as an oncolytic platform due to its 190 Kb genome with a high capacity for encoding therapeutic payloads. Combining oncolytic VV therapy with other conventional cancer treatments has been shown to be synergistic and more effective than monotherapies. Additionally, OVV can be used as a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 13, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
