Quantification and distribution of 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (4-FiBF) in postmortem biological samples using UHPLC –QqQ-MS/MS
ConclusionsThe developed and fully validated method enabled for determination of 4-FiBF in postmortem biological fluids and tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of distribution study of 4-FiBF with other NPS (N-ethylpentylon, 4-CMC and α-PiHP) in authentic fatal intoxication cases. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 24, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Determinations of new psychoactive substances in biological matrices with focus on microextraction techniques: a review of fundamentals and state-of-the-art extraction methods
ConclusionsThere is a wide scope of microextraction techniques to be explored in the field of toxicology and NPS determinations. These techniques are compatible with recent trends of automation and miniaturization, which can enable a straightforward workflow for NPS analyses. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 22, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Two fatal and four surviving cases after accidental infusion of ropivacaine
ConclusionsIn the context of symptom development and intoxication, the speed of injection was a very important factor to cause fatal ropivacaine cases. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of fatal intoxication with ropivacaine. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 22, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Increased production of illegal alcoholic beverages during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hamadan, Iran
(Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 18, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Recent progress in the chemical attribution of chemical warfare agents and highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides
ConclusionsAlthough the chemical attribution technology for CWAs and related chemical substances has been developed to a certain extent, the development of real sample analytical methods has not been well established or verified. In the future, it is expected that more analytical methods that address sensitivity, specificity, stability, and repeatability will be developed. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 13, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Effects of putrefaction on the quantitative analyses of diphenhydramine in blood and tissues: model experiments by the routine matrix-matched calibration method and standard addition method with different internal standards
ConclusionsThe obtained results showed that the MMC method using fresh blood calibration curve with isotope-labeled IS could accurately measure drug concentrations in putrefied blood and tissues. If the isotope-labeled compound is not available, the quantification by the MMC method seems effective using several ISs with high similarity. This kind of study on the effects of putrefaction on forensic analyses has not been reported to our knowledge. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 11, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Blood concentrations of new psychoactive substances belonging to benzodiazepine class
ConclusionsThe interpretation of the concentrations of the NPS belonging to the benzodiazepine class is difficult. Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and other drugs as well as other factors often contribute to toxic effects or deaths in real cases. This report enables quick access to the source articles quantifying new benzodiazepines. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 10, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Suicide by intoxication with iron (III) chloride
ConclusionsConsidering the above findings, it was concluded in the forensic report that the death of the woman was caused by the ingestion of iron chloride. The reported case of fatal intoxication is one of the few described in the literature, and its course implies that in the case of initially diagnosed intoxication with corrosive compounds, the possibility of using metal-containing poison should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. In addition to routine toxicological tests performed in fatal cases we also draw attention to the possibility of using specific staining protocols for microscopic specimens. (Sou...
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 2, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Caffeine-induced bradycardia, death, and anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish larvae
ConclusionsGiven the anxiogenic effect of caffeine and light preference of zebrafish larvae, caffeine-induced changes in light –dark cycles could provide a new reliable marker for anxiety. Therefore, the “light–dark locomotion test” employed in this study is valuable for research on anxiogenic or anxiolytic substances. The test may allow simultaneous and automatic analysis of the locomotion of many fish under multip le conditions, thereby enabling evaluation of dose–response effects of caffeine. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - April 24, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Meconium and maternal hair analysis vs. medical records to monitor antidepressants and benzodiazepines exposure during pregnancy
ConclusionMaternal hair was more sensitive to detect antidepressants use, while meconium analysis can provide detection of neonatal benzodiazepines exposure at the time of delivery. Therefore, combination of both matrices is recommended, since it shows a more complete picture of prenatal exposure to these drugs. No clear influence of prenatal exposure to antidepressants or benzodiazepines on neonatal outcomes was noticed. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - April 22, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Comprehensive analytical and structural characteristics of methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1 H -indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA)
ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a comprehensive analytical and structural characterization of MDMB-4en-PINACA obtained by 1D and 2D NMR, GC –MS, LC–MS(/MS), attenuated total reflection-FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. The presented results not only broaden the knowledge about this psychoactive substance but also are useful for forensic and clinical purposes. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - April 1, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Degradation of 1-phenyl-2-propanone during long-term storage: useful information for methamphetamine impurity profiling
ConclusionsThese results suggested that P2P and phenylacetylcarbinol were oxidized by oxygen in air and that the organic solvents inhibited the oxidation. P2P was presumed to be initially oxidized to phenylacetylcarbinol, then it was converted to benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, and 1-acetoxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone. Production of phenylacetylcarbinol from P2P is useful information for methamphetamine impurity profiling because phenylacetylcarbinol is a precursor of ephedrines, the other methamphetamine precursors. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - March 24, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
A review on tramadol toxicity: mechanism of action, clinical presentation, and treatment
ConclusionWith the increasing popularity of tramadol, physicians must be aware of its adverse effects, substantial abuse potential, and drug interactions, to weigh its risk –benefit ratio for pain management. Alternative therapies might be considered in patients with a previous overdose history to reduce risks for adverse outcomes. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - March 24, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
A potential of methoxpropamine to be a widespread recreational drug: it blocks NMDA receptors and inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in a brain preparation of mice
ConclusionsMXPr, which may cause health and social damages to humans by blocking NMDA receptors, is a serious concern like MXE. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - March 18, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Comparative study between active and passive exposure of methamphetamine vapor in mice
ConclusionsThe present study was the first to reveal differences in urinary excretion of METH depending on its inhaled amount. When the results were extrapolated to humans, the amount of METH detected in the urine of the passively exposed subjects was extremely small, which was not detectable by the screening kit. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - March 12, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
