Etazene ( N,N -diethyl-2-{[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1 H -benzimidazol-1-yl}-ethan-1-amine (dihydrochloride)): a novel benzimidazole opioid NPS identified in seized material: crystal structure and spectroscopic characterization
ConclusionsIn this paper, we described single-crystal X-ray, chromatographic and spectroscopic characterization of a synthetic opioid that emerged on the new psychoactive substance (NPS) market in Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first full characterization of etazene. Analytical data presented in the work can be helpful in identification and detection of the NPS in forensic and clinical laboratories. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - September 21, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Qualitative analysis of zolpidem and its metabolites M-1 to M-4 in human blood and urine using liquid chromatography –tandem mass spectrometry
ConclusionsChromatographic separation of M-1 and M-2 and that of M-4 and other hydroxyzolpidems is necessary to analyze zolpidem metabolites in biological matrices because their mass spectra are quite similar. This study is the first to analyze zolpidem and M-1 to M-4 simultaneously using LC –MS/MS, which can provide more compelling evidence of zolpidem intake. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - September 16, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Toxicological analysis of satratoxins, the main toxins in the mushroom Trichoderma cornu-damae , in human serum and mushroom samples by liquid chromatography –tandem mass spectrometry
ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of toxicological analysis of satratoxins using analytical standards. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - September 15, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
4 ′-Fluoropyrrolidinononanophenone elicits neuronal cell apoptosis through elevating production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
ConclusionThe presence of 4 ′-fluoro or 3′,4′-methylenedioxy group in the aromatic ring on SCs likely elevates the risk of occurrence of health hazards. Additionally, enhanced production of ROS and RNS plays central roles in neuronal cell apoptotic mechanism of F-α-PNP. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - September 9, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Development of the “selective concentration” analytical method for drug-containing hair regions based on micro-segmental analysis to identify a trace amount of drug in hair: hair analysis following single-dose ingestion of midazolam
ConclusionsThe “selective concentration” enabled the identification of a trace amount of drug using several hair strands. The method would be helpful in proving DFCs even after it was impossible to identify drugs using conventional segmental hair analysis. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - September 9, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
A brief overview on the importance of analyzing drug adulterants in the treatment of non-fatal overdose and substance use disorder of street cocaine
(Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - September 6, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Comprehensive analytical characteristics of N -(adamantan-1-yl)-1- (cyclohexylmethyl)-1 H -indazole-3-carboxamide (ACHMINACA)
ConclusionsAlthough brief descriptions of the partial data of ACHMINACA have appeared recently, this article provides the most detailed and comprehensive analytical data of ACHMINACA to our knowledge. Our data will significantly broaden the knowledge about the compound structure extending the possibility of its orthogonal analysis. The gathered data are useful for forensic, toxicological, and clinical purposes. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - August 27, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Metabolic profile of the synthetic drug 4,4 ′-dimethylaminorex in urine by LC–MS-based techniques: selection of the most suitable markers of its intake
ConclusionsKnowledge of the metabolic profiles of the new drugs is essential for their fast identification. Phase I and phase II metabolites of 4,4 ′-dimethylaminorex were identified and selected as markers of intake, to be considered as the most suitable analytical targets in forensic toxicology. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - August 18, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Detection and confirmation of the ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite of a new synthetic opioid furanylfentanyl
ConclusionsFour metabolites of furanylfentanyl were newly identified. Although it has been proposed over recent years that a dihydrodiol metabolite, which has the same molecular weight as the ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite, is formed from furanylfentanyl, this study demonstrated that the ring-opened carboxylic acid metabolite, rather than the dihydrodiol metabolite, is formed from furanylfentanyl. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - August 17, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Use of injection-port derivatization for the analysis of cocaine and its metabolites in urine by gas chromatography –tandem mass spectrometry
ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first method to use IPD-GC –MS/MS and silylation reaction in forensic toxicology analysis. The method showed great sensitivity, imprecision and accuracy, using simple and less expensive LLE (compared to solid-phase extraction), with low sample and solvent volumes. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - July 31, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
On practical problems in precise estimation of 5F-ADB in urine samples
ConclusionsThe presented studies indicate that the validated QuEChERS technique can be successfully used in routine analyses of 5F-ADB in urine. Yet, due to hydrolytical instability of 5F-ADB, the medical diagnosis of the health condition of the patient suspected of 5F-ADB abuse on the basis of the drug concentration in his/her urine may be incorrect, especially when the urine is alkaline. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - July 30, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Metabolism of synthetic cathinones through the zebrafish water tank model: a promising tool for forensic toxicology laboratories
ConclusionsZWT model indicated to be very useful to study the metabolism of the synthetic cathinones, such asN-ethylpentylone, ethylone, α-PVP and 4-CDC. Methylone seems to be a potent CYP450 inhibitor in zebrafish. More experiments are needed to better evaluate this issue. Finally, this approach was quite simple, straightforward, extremely low cost, and fast for “human-like” metabolic studies of synthetic cathinones. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - July 21, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Correction to: Cannabimimetic activities of cumyl carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids
There were some mistakes. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - July 20, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
In vitro and in vivo studies of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) metabolism in humans
ConclusionsSince scientists working to characterize and detect TATP to prevent terrorist attacks are constantly exposed to this volatile compound, attention should be paid to its metabolism. This paper is the first to elucidate some exposure, metabolism and excretion of TATP in humans and to identify a marker of TATP exposure, TATP-O-glucuronide in urine. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - July 13, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
In vitro metabolic profiles of adamantyl positional isomers of synthetic cannabinoids
ConclusionsWe characterized the metabolism of ATHs for the first time and discriminated between the two isomers by mass spectrometric analysis of either the parent compounds or their major metabolites. Our investigation of AFUs also demonstrated a useful method for distinguishing between AD isomers. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - May 26, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
