Comparison between human liver microsomes and the fungus Cunninghamella elegans for biotransformation of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-424 having a bromo-naphthyl moiety analysed by high-resolution mass spectrometry
ConclusionsGenerally, HLM models give good predictions of human metabolites and structural analogues are metabolised in a similar fashion. However, major hydroxy metabolites produced by HLM were those hydroxylated at naphthalene instead of pentyl moiety, the major site of hydroxylation for JWH-018. Fungal metabolites, on the other hand, had undergone hydroxylation mainly at pentyl moiety. The metabolic disagreement suggests the necessity to verify the human metabolites in authentic urine samples, while H9 and H10 (hydroxynaphthalene), H8 (ipso substitution), F22 (hydroxypentyl), and F17 (dihydroxypentyl) are recommended fo...
Source: Forensic Toxicology - February 14, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Determination of cyanide in blood by GC –MS using a new high selectivity derivatization reagent 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium iodide
(Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - January 9, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Determination of cyanide in blood by GC –MS using a new high selectivity derivatization reagent 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium iodide
(Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - January 9, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Qualitative analysis of 7- and 8-hydroxyzolpidem and discovery of novel zolpidem metabolites in postmortem urine using liquid chromatography –tandem mass spectrometry
ConclusionsThe presence of novel metabolites revealed new metabolic pathways, which involve formation of an epoxide on the pyridine ring as an intermediate. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - January 4, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists profile in infused papers seized in Brazilian prisons
ConclusionsAs observed in Europe and the USA, Brazil also shows the prevalence of indazole-3-carboxamides and indole-3-carboxamides among SCRAs seizures in the prison system. This phenomenon is spreading all over the world at this moment. These data on the prevalence could help to alert judicial authorities to shutting down the introduction of NPS, including SCRAs, into prisons to ensure safety and security for avoiding health risks of prisoners and staff, leading to positive effects in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of SCRAs smuggling into prisons in Latin America. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - January 1, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Rapid detection of ?-amanitin and ?-amanitin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the toxicokinetic study of Lepiota brunneoincarnata
ConclusionsEstablishing UPLC –MS/MS method for quantifying amanitines in rat plasma successfully enabled toxicokinetic study ofLepiota brunneoincarnata extracts.Graphical abstract (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - January 1, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Development and validation of a sensitive and high throughput UPLC –MS/MS method for determination of paraquat and diquat in human plasma and urine: application to poisoning cases at emergency departments of hospitals
ConclusionsA rapid and reliable method for the determination of paraquat and diquat was developed and applied to 387 clinical poisoning cases and 22 poisoning cases were found to be paraquat or diquat poisoning. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - January 1, 2022 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Phase I-metabolism studies of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1 and PX-2 using three different in vitro models
ConclusionsCYP isoforms along with fungal incubation results were in good agreement to those obtained with pHLM incubation. CYP2E1 was responsible for many of the metabolic pathways; particularly for PX-1. This study shows that all three in vitro assays are suitable for predicting metabolic pathways of synthetic cannabinoids. To establish completeness of the PX-1 and PX-2 metabolic pathways, it is not only recommended but also necessary to use different assays. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - December 30, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Quantitation of sibutramine in human hair using gas chromatography –isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry
ConclusionsIt should be expected that the method established in this study would contribute to rapid determinations of sibutramine. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing quantitation of sibutramine in an  authentic human hair sample by GC–MS/MS. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - December 14, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Identification and characterization of novel synthetic cannabinoid ethyl-2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-EDMB-PICA)
ConclusionsIn this study, we presented a comprehensive analytical characterization of 5F-EDMB-PICA obtained by1H NMR,13C NMR, GC –MS, SFC–QTOF-MS, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The analytical data of 5F-EDMB-PICA are very useful for forensic, toxicological, and clinical diagnosis. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - December 2, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Rapid detection of α-amanitin and β-amanitin in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to the toxicokinetic study of Lepiota brunneoincarnata
ConclusionsEstablishing UPLC –MS/MS method for quantifying amanitines in rat plasma successfully enabled toxicokinetic study ofLepiota brunneoincarnata extracts.Graphical abstract (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - December 1, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Investigation on toxicological usefulness of synovial fluids, as an alternative matrix: postmortem distribution/redistribution of triazolam and its predominant metabolite α-hydroxytriazolam in human body fluids
(Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - November 22, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Agonistic activity of fentanyl analogs and their metabolites on opioid receptors
ConclusionsMost of the metabolic reactions drastically diminish the agonistic activity of fentanyl analogs; exceptionally, β-hydroxylation maintains the activity at a level nearly equal to that of the parent drugs. However, β-hydroxy metabolites should contribute less to the poisoning caused by the ingestion of fentanyl analogs. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - November 13, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Development and validation of a sensitive and high throughput UPLC –MS/MS method for determination of paraquat and diquat in human plasma and urine: application to poisoning cases at emergency departments of hospitals
ConclusionsA rapid and reliable method for the determination of paraquat and diquat was developed and applied to 387 clinical poisoning cases and 22 poisoning cases were found to be paraquat or diquat poisoning. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - November 12, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
Unexpected results found in larvae samples from two postmortem forensic cases
ConclusionsAntemortem external hair contamination with synthetic cannabinoids from side-stream smoke and postmortem hair contamination with substances in putrefaction fluids can be supposed in these cases. Our findings suggest that supplementary information can indeed be gained from analyzing larvae additional to those human specimens that are typically used for toxicological analysis after extensive postmortem decomposition. Nevertheless, these results represent merely two cases, requiring in-depth studies to determine whether such findings can identify acute intoxications as possible causes of death. (Source: Forensic Toxicology)
Source: Forensic Toxicology - November 6, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research
