Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The radial linear perivascular emphasis in COVID ‐19‐associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
AbstractA 62-year-old woman who has a history of chronic hepatitis B and hypertension, presented to a local hospital with cough and fever and was admitted on day 3. Since her chest CT revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities, and SARS-Cov-2 saliva PCR was positive, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and was treated with favipiravir. On day 7, she was in a relatively good condition, as she was afebrile with a little cough. However, on day 18, she became coma which was followed with convulsive seizures, prompting administration of diazepam and levetiracetam. Afterwards, she was then transferred to our hospital, prese...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ryo Tanaka, Takamasa Nukui, Ratna Dini Haryuni, Makoto Mori, Shigeru Hayashi, Kyo Noguchi, Yuji Nakatsuji Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ‐immunoglobulin (MOG‐IgG) associated disorder among adults: A meta‐analysis
ConclusionsOur meta-analysis shows MMF therapy as cost-effective, well-tolerable, and effective for the treatment of relapses in MOGAD among adult patients. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sanjeev Kharel, Rajeev Ojha, Rakesh Ghimire, Neha Guragain, Anish Mudvari Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Unusual concomitant small and large fiber neuropathy related to hypereosinophilic syndrome
ConclusionsIn this case we hypothesized that idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was the likely cause of the atopic dermatitis and small fiber neuropathy, consistent with pain and dysautonomic symptoms. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Elena Merico, Alessandra Govoni, Erika Schirinzi, Lucia Chico, Giulia Ricci, Rosanna Calabrese, Chiara Baldini, Gaetano La Rocca, Raffaella Lombardi, Valentina Dini, Gabriele Buda, Barbara Loggini, Gabriele Siciliano Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Anti ‐GM2 antibodies associated meningoradiculitis in the context of HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
AbstractA 71 year-old patient diagnosed with HIV-1 infection developed neurological symptoms congruent with meningoradiculitis one month after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Concurrent syphilitic seroconversion raised the hypothesis of neurosyphilis, which was later infirmed. Serum antiganglioside IgM antibodies were highly positive. Previous studies have demonstrated that GM2 is overexpressed on HIV-1 infected T lymphocytes. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins was effective. We postulate that meningoradiculitis in this patient was a consequence of anti-GM2 antibodies produced as part of an anti HIV-1 i...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: N Forgeard, E Januel, A Blancher, L Fonquernie, A Gautheret ‐Dejean, J Neil, M‐C Meyohas Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Wernicke ’s encephalopathy precipitated by neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and Graves’ disease: A tale of clinical and radiological dilemmas
ConclusionOur case establishes the importance of considering NMOSD variants in metabolic encephalopathy, especially if neuroimaging is suggestive and in the backdrop of another autoimmune disorder. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ritwik Ghosh, Souvik Dubey, Adrija Ray, Dipayan Roy, Kaustav De, Arpan Mandal, Dinobandhu Naga, Bikash Chandra Swaika, Alak Pandit, Juli án Benito‐León Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Antiaquaporin ‐4 positive‐to‐negative seroconversion in Latin American patients with NMOSD treated with rituximab
ConclusionTreatment with RTX in patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG NMOsd can lead to negative conversion, but our findings do not support a clinical reflection from this change. The role of monitoring for AQP4-IgG is yet to be defined in the Mexican NMOsd population. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Indhira Zabala ‐Ángeles, Christian García‐Estrada, Enrique Gómez‐Figueroa, Roberto Rodriguez‐Rivas, Edgar Higuera‐Gonzalez, Adriana Casallas‐Vanegas, Lucinda Aguirre‐Cruz, Teresa Corona‐Vázquez, José Flores‐Rivera, Verónic Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Anti ‐GQ1b antibody: Recent topics
AbstractResearches on antibodies against glycolipids, mainly gangliosides, have advanced the understanding of the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barr é syndrome. Glycolipid antibody research began with the study of isolated ganglioside antigens and further expanded that area with the discovery of antibodies against complex antigens of two glycolipids. In Fisher syndrome-related disorders, IgG anti-GQ1b antibody is detected at a high rate, but 10 –30% of the cases are antibody-negative. Recently, an antibody that requires Ca2+ to react with ganglioside GQ1b (Ca2+-dependent GQ1b antibody) was discovered in the antibody-negat...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ayumi Uchibori Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Unilateral basal ganglia restricted diffusion in anti ‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 encephalitis mimicking cerebral infarction: A report on two cases and literature review
ConclusionOur report adds to the heterogeneity of anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated  1 encephalitis and highlights the need to consider this diagnosis in patients who present atypically. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Mervyn Q. W. Poh, Hui Jin Chiew, Zheyu Xu, Kevin Tan, Tchoyoson C. C. Lim, Tianrong Yeo Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Good response to rituximab in chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids presenting as tumor ‐like infratentorial lesion
ConclusionsTumor-like onset was found to be an extremely rare variant of CLIPPERS, which expands the spectrum of possible magnetic resonance imaging manifestation, which can be observed during the course of this disease. The efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of CLIPPERS syndrome supports the role of B  cells as important regulators of T-cell activity. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Antonio Marangi, Luigi Zuliani, Valerio Vitale, Mariam Mansour, Lisa Federle, Mariangela Novello, Emanuele Stefano Giovanni d ’Amore, Gianola Stenta, Francesco Perini Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Case of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy associated with Epstein –Barr virus reactivation
ConclusionsThe MRI findings characteristic of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy might not be present at the illness onset when triggered by Epstein –Barr virus reactivation. Our results suggest that MRS might show astrocytic dysfunction and be useful in evaluating treatment progress. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Hayato So, Takashi Ohashi, Sae Yamagishi, Harushi Mori, Jun ‐ichi Takanashi Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Wernicke ’s encephalopathy Precipitated by Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and Grave’s Disease: A Tale of Clinical and Radiological Dilemmas
ConclusionOur case establishes the importance of considering NMOSD variants in metabolic encephalopathy, especially if neuroimaging is suggestive, and in the backdrop of another autoimmune disorder. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 16, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ritwik Ghosh, Souvik Dubey, Adrija Ray, Dipayan Roy, Kaustav De, Arpan Mandal, Dinobandhu Naga, Bikash Chandra Swaika, Alak Pandit, Juli án Benito‐León Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Immunotherapy ‐responsive brainstem lesion accompanied with anti‐galactocerebroside antibody
ConclusionsOur case highlights that an anti-Gal-C positivity can cause brainstem inflammatory lesion which should be differentiated from ADEM, BBE, and MS. Her symptoms improved with intense immunotherapy and antibody measurement led to the discontinuation of unnecessary disease-modifying drugs. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Wataru Shiraishi Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Cognition and psychopathology in autoimmune encephalitides: A focus on risk factors and patient outcomes
Neurocognitive compromise, neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychopathology are all evident in autoimmune encephalitides. This review provides detailed analysis of the various cognitive deficits and psychopathology that occur in different subsets of autoimmune encephalitides . It also delves into the implication of the aforementioned in regard to patient quality of life and overall prognosis. AbstractNeurocognitive compromise, neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychopathology are all evident in the acute stages of autoimmune encephalitides. These factors considerably affect functional independence after discharge. Drawing on psyc...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sarah P. Griffith, Charles B. Malpas, Chris Kyndt, Rubina Alpitsis, Terence J. O ’Brien, Mastura Monif Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Multifaceted features of immunoglobulin  G anti‐GM1 antibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome
AbstractImmunoglobulin  G (IgG) anti-GM1 antibodies, the most common autoantibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), have diverse characteristics regarding IgG subclass, complement activation, affinity and fine specificity. In this review, an update on multifaceted aspects of IgG anti-GM1 antibodies is provided, emph asizing their roles in creating a varying clinical picture of GBS and in developing pure motor neuropathy after antecedent infection. Diversity in IgG subclass and cross-reactivity, both of which are closely related to the type of antecedent infection, appears to cause the variation in clinical feat ures ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Michiaki Koga Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research

Istradefylline, an adenosine A2a receptor antagonist, ameliorates neutrophilic airway inflammation and psoriasis in mice.
ConclusionThese results indicate that adenosine-mediated IL-17A production plays a role in neutrophilic inflammation models, and moreover, istradefylline, ARL67156, and AMP-CP are effective in animal models of neutrophilic inflammation. Some clinical relevancies in COVID-19 are discussed. (248 words) (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - July 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Mieko Tokano, Masaaki Kawano, Rie Takagi, Sho Matsushita Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research