Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

B  cells in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system
B  cells have important roles in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Antibody‐independent B‐cell functions are involved in the pathogenesis of central nervous system inflammatory diseases. A deeper understanding of B‐cell functions should provide new strategies for the treatmen t of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. AbstractB  cells are key players in humoral immune responses and have important roles in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulating evidence has shown that antibody‐independent B‐cell functions, antigen presentation to T ce...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - June 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Daisuke Noto, Sachiko Miyake Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Case of an anti ‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis patient responding to cyclophosphamide with significant brain volume recovery
ConclusionsCyclophosphamide should be considered for nonresponders to first ‐line immunotherapy. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 28, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Shinji Ashida, Eijirou Tanaka, Shiori Ogura, Keiko Maezono, Yoshinari Nagakane Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

B cells in autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system
AbstractB cells are key players in humoral immune responses and have important roles in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulating evidence has indicated that antibody ‐independent B cell functions, antigen presentation to T cells, and the production of cytokines, are involved in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory diseases. However, the precise pathomechanisms of impaired B cell tolerance and production of autoantibodies against CNS autoantigens are still unkn own. In this review, we summarize the effector functions of B cells in the pathogenesis of the CNS autoimmune diseases, multiple scl...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Daisuke Noto, Sachiko Miyake Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE (INVITED) Source Type: research

Anti ‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis unresponsive to early and aggressive immunotherapy in a young female: A case report
ConclusionsDespite early diagnosis, and prompt therapy, anti ‐NMDAR encephalitis may progress and remain refractory to treatment. More studies are needed for further therapeutic avenues in treatment‐refractory cases of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis not responding even to cyclophosphamide as highlighted by our case. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Harleen Kaur, Gaurav Kumar Mittal Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Regulatory B  cells in neuroimmunological diseases
AbstractThe idea that B  cells participate in immune regulation was initially postulated from observations in animals in the 1970s. It is now established that certain B‐cell populations, known as regulatory B cells, regulate immune reactions in various animal models of autoimmunity, chiefly through the production of in terleukin‐10. Subsequent to these findings in animals, several B‐cell subsets have been identified in human blood that are capable of producing interleukin‐10 when stimulatedex vivo. Although we still do not have direct evidence showing that these interleukin ‐10‐producing B cells regulate aut...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Yusei Miyazaki, Masaaki Niino Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Case of an anti ‐NMDA receptor encephalitis patient responding to cyclophosphamide with significant brain volume recovery
Conclusions] CPM should be considered for non‐responders to first‐line immunotherapy. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Shinji Ashida, Eijirou Tanaka, Shiori Ogura, Keiko Maezono, Yoshinari Nagakane Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Recent topics in inflammatory neuropathies
Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Volume 11, Issue 2, Page 86-87, May 2020. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Satoshi Kuwabara Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Issue Information
Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, Volume 11, Issue 2, Page 83-85, May 2020. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Anti ‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (anti‐NMDAR) Encephalitis unresponsive to early and aggressive immunotherapy in a young female: A Case Report
ConclusionsDespite early diagnosis, and prompt therapy, anti ‐NMDAR encephalitis may progress and remain refractory to treatment. More studies are needed for further therapeutic avenues in treatment refractory cases of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis not responding even to cyclophosphamide as highlighted by our case. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Harleen Kaur, Gaurav Kumar Mittal Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

A case of multiple sclerosis with negatively converted anti ‐natalizumab antibodies
ConclusionsEven if the neutralizing antibodies against natalizumab are positive, treatment continuation may be considered if the therapeutic effect is certain and the side effects are within the allowable range. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Katsuichi Miyamoto, Susumu Kusunoki Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Role of effector T  cells in multiple sclerosis
This figure entitled "Multiple factors affect the role of effector T  cells in MS" describes an image that effector T cells orchestrate the inflammation disrupting the myelin sheaths further leading to neurologic symptoms and multiple factors are associated with the role of effector T cells in MS. AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, and the imbalance between autoimmunity and immune tolerance is considered to be the key factor for its pathogenesis. Effector T  cells are shown to be involved not only in the early relapsing–remitting phase of this disease but ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Norio Chihara Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Amphiphysin expression in a case of occult cancer with paraneoplastic stiff ‐person syndrome
The evaluation of the amphiphysin expression in the metastatic lesion was helpful for the diagnosis of paraneoplastic Stiff ‐Person syndrome associated with occult breast cancer. Our image may support to realize that the expression of amphiphysin in the metastatic lesion caused this rare symptom. Occult cancer is not rare in paraneoplastic syndromes, so we believe that the assessment of auto‐antigen expression in the metastatic lesion may help our diagnosis and treatment. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Yoshimitsu Doi, Shimon Ishida Tags: IMAGE IN NEUROIMMUNOLOGY Source Type: research

Aims of the Childhood Myasthenia Gravis Study Group in Japan
The Childhood Myasthenia Gravis Study Group in Japan held an annual workshop for 12  years (from 2006 to 2017), where the participants debated and obtained information about the clinical problems and related basic sciences of childhood myasthenia gravis. We would like to summarize and introduce the content discussed on this workshop. AbstractA Japanese epidemiological study about the age of onset of myasthenia gravis (MG) showed the highest peak at ages<5  years, besides the peak observed in adults, which was confirmed in east Asian populations, such as Korea, China and Hong Kong, and is different from that observed i...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Masatoshi Hayashi, Yoshiko Nomura Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Central nervous system lupus presenting as rhombencephalitis responding to aggressive immunotherapy: A unique case
ConclusionsCentral nervous system lupus should be included in the provisional diagnosis of any young female patient presenting with complicated neurologic manifestations over the background of joint pain or fever or headache or confusion or psychosis, to avoid misdiagnosis and aid in timely institution of aggressive immunotherapy. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Harleen Kaur, Gaurav K. Mittal, Jennifer Singhdev Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy patients with antibodies against paranodal proteins
AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired immune ‐mediated polyneuropathy characterized by relapsing or steadily progressive clinical course. A major feature of the syndrome is that it encompasses several pathogeneses, and it is actually assumed that both cellular and humoral immunity can be involved with superiority depending on the particular subtype. Although cellular immunity typified by macrophage‐derived demyelination can play an essential role in classical CIDP, other pathogeneses that involve humoral immunity, such as autoantibodies targeting node of Ranvier protein...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - May 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Masahiro Iijima Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research