Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Role of B  cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Traditionally, it has been considered to be mediated primarily by T  cells, and the contribution of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS has long been debated. However, clinical success of B-cell depletion therapies targeting CD20 has established the essential role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS. Because CD20-targeting B-cell depletion therapies primarily have their effect on non-antibody secreting cells, emerging studies have dedicated intense focus on B-cell functions beyond antibody production, which include cytokin...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - September 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Hirofumi Ochi Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research

Unusual concomitant small ‐ and large‐fiber neuropathy related to hypereosinophilic syndrome
ConclusionsIn the present case, we hypothesized that idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was the likely cause of the atopic dermatitis and small-fiber neuropathy, consistent with pain and dysautonomic symptoms. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - September 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Elena Merico, Alessandra Govoni, Erika Schirinzi, Lucia Chico, Giulia Ricci, Rosanna Calabrese, Chiara Baldini, Gaetano La Rocca, Raffaella Lombardi, Valentina Dini, Gabriele Buda, Barbara Loggini, Gabriele Siciliano Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Glial cell line ‐derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor derived from skeletal muscle pericytes increase the barrier function of endothelial cells in the endomysium
ConclusionGDNF and bFGF released from HSMPCTs increase the barrier function of endomysial endothelium. These HSMPCTs and TSM15 cells, which are recognized as anin vitro model of the endomysial capillary, might facilitate the analysis of the pathophysiology of the microvasculature in human skeletal muscle. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Eri Ishiguchi, Yasuteru Sano, Toshihiko Maeda, Fumitaka Shimizu, Miwako Fujisawa, Masaya Honda, Yukio Takeshita, Michiaki Koga, Takashi Kanda Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Radial linear perivascular emphasis in coronavirus disease 2019 ‐associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
A 62-year-old woman with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) developed coma on day 19 after her pneumonia was ameliorated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium showed radial linear perivascular enhancement, typically seen in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy, although anti-GFAP antibody results were negative. Her consciousness recovered with high-dose steroid administration. We diagnosed the patient with COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelopathy (ADEM) with radial linear perivascular emphasis. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - September 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ryo Tanaka, Takamasa Nukui, Ratna Dini Haryuni, Makoto Mori, Shigeru Hayashi, Kyo Noguchi, Yuji Nakatsuji Tags: CASE IMAGE Source Type: research

Anti ‐GM2 antibodies‐associated meningoradiculitis in the context of HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
ConclusionWe postulate that meningoradiculitis in this patient was a consequence of anti-GM2 antibodies produced as part of an anti-HIV-1 immune response, and that this case falls within the scope of autoimmune manifestations linked to HIV IRIS. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathalie Forgeard, Edouard Januel, Anne Blancher, Laurent Fonquernie, Agn ès Gautheret‐Dejean, Jean Neil, Marie‐Caroline Meyohas Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Emerging topics in Guillain –Barré syndrome
(Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Atsuro Chiba Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research

Immune dysregulation syndrome with CTLA4 mutation showing multiple central nervous system lesions
ConclusionsA patient withCTLA4 variant may develop multiple CNS lesions including longitudinally-extended spinal cord lesions. Since there is effective targeted immunotherapy, a complete immunological workup is needed for early diagnosis when a patient presents with CNS lesions and multi-organ symptoms. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Makoto Eriguchi, Hiroo Katsuya, Keisuke Kidoguchi, Hiroshi Ureshino, Nishi Masanori, Masashi Nishihara, Motoshi Sonoda, Masataka Ishimura, Shinya Kimura, Hideo Hara Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Effects of exercise training with Lactobacillus plantarum intake on Iba ‐1, GFAP, IL‐6, and IL‐1β in cuprizone‐induced demyelination mouse model of multiple sclerosis
ConclusionsExercise with the intake of probiotics improved demyelination in the CPZ-induced demyelination mouse model of MS. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Donya Sajedi, Ramin Shabani, Alireza Elmieh Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

The role of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Traditionally, it has been considered to be mediated primarily by T cells, and the contribution of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS has long been debated. However, clinical success of B-cell depletion therapies targeting CD20 has established the essential role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS. Because CD20-targting B-cell depletion therapies primarily have their effect on non-antibody secreting cells, emerging studies have dedicated intense focus on B-cell functions beyond antibody production, which include cytoki...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Hirofumi Ochi Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research

Anti ‐aquaporin‐4 positive‐to‐negative seroconversion in Latin American patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder treated with rituximab
ConclusionsTreatment with RTX in patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG NMOsd can lead to negative conversion, but our findings do not support a clinical reflection from this change. The role of monitoring for AQP4-IgG is yet to be defined in the Mexican NMOsd population. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Indhira Zabala ‐Ángeles, Christian García‐Estrada, Enrique Gómez‐Figueroa, Roberto Rodriguez‐Rivas, Edgar Higuera‐Gonzalez, Adriana Casallas‐Vanegas, Lucinda Aguirre‐Cruz, Teresa Corona‐Vázquez, José Flores‐Rivera, Verónic Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

B cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
AbstractB cells have been implicated in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) since initial observations in the 1940s of elevated immunoglobulin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. However, the precise mechanism of their involvement has not been elucidated until recently, mainly owing to the technical difficulty of studying this cell population in humans. In this context, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a putative animal model of MS, has profoundly contributed to our understanding of B cells in this disease. B cells are now recognized to contribute to MS pathology through the produ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Yusei Miyazaki, Masaaki Niino Tags: INVITED REVIEW Source Type: research

Strongyloidiasis prophylaxis: is there room for ivermectin in neurological patients?
AbstractWith the advent of monoclonal therapies, there is currently an array of treatment options for autoimmune neurological disorders involving the use of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs; nevertheless, these therapies may predispose patients to the hyperinfection syndrome (HS) caused by strongyloidiasis, leading to severe manifestations1. For this reason, a prophylactic treatment with ivermectin has been proposed for patients from endemic regions undergoing immunosuppressive treatment2,3. However, there is no evidence in the literature that supports that recommendation. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Marcelo Henrique De Moura Campos, Ariel Jos é Gomes Marques Neto, Rodrigo Kleinpaul, Marcus Vinicius Magno Gonçalves Tags: LETTER TO THE EDITOR Source Type: research

The radial linear perivascular emphasis in COVID ‐19‐associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
AbstractA 62-year-old woman who has a history of chronic hepatitis B and hypertension, presented to a local hospital with cough and fever and was admitted on day 3. Since her chest CT revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities, and SARS-Cov-2 saliva PCR was positive, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and was treated with favipiravir. On day 7, she was in a relatively good condition, as she was afebrile with a little cough. However, on day 18, she became coma which was followed with convulsive seizures, prompting administration of diazepam and levetiracetam. Afterwards, she was then transferred to our hospital, prese...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Ryo Tanaka, Takamasa Nukui, Ratna Dini Haryuni, Makoto Mori, Shigeru Hayashi, Kyo Noguchi, Yuji Nakatsuji Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ‐immunoglobulin (MOG‐IgG) associated disorder among adults: A meta‐analysis
ConclusionsOur meta-analysis shows MMF therapy as cost-effective, well-tolerable, and effective for the treatment of relapses in MOGAD among adult patients. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sanjeev Kharel, Rajeev Ojha, Rakesh Ghimire, Neha Guragain, Anish Mudvari Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research