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Correlates of serum IGF-1 in young children with moderate acute malnutrition: a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso
ConclusionsLAZ and WLZ were positively and inflammation negatively associated with sIGF-1. As all children were moderately malnourished and many had inflammation, this probably explains the very low median sIGF-1. The association of FFM with sIGF-1 was fully explained by height. There was a marked age pattern, with a nadir in late infancy, confirming findings from smaller studies from well-nourished populations. There is a need for prospective studies to disentangle the role of sIGF-1 in growth and health. This trial was registered athttps://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN42569496. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Contribution of reformulation, product renewal, and changes in consumer behavior to the reduction of salt intakes in the UK population between 2008/2009 and 2016/2017
ConclusionsA multi-component sodium reduction strategy deployed in the United Kingdom starting in 2003 corresponded to an important reduction in sodium intakes for the population. This reduction was mostly driven by changes in the food environment (reformulated food products to reduce the sodium density of foods) and, to a smaller extent, by changes in food choices. Impacts were consistent across socioeconomic groups. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Emulsion acid colloidal stability and droplet crystallinity modulate postprandial gastric emptying and short-term satiety: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover, controlled trial in healthy adult males
ConclusionEmulsion acid colloidal stability, independent of TAG physical state, delayed GE, and satiety was enhanced after consuming acid stable emulsions containing TAG in the liquid state. The study was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT03990246 (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Association of food insecurity with dietary intakes and nutritional biomarkers among US children, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 –2016
ConclusionsFood insecurity was associated with compromised intake of some micronutrients, especially among adolescent girls. These results highlight a need for targeted interventions to improve children's overall diet quality, including the reduction of specific nutrient inadequacies, especially among food-insecure children. This study was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT03400436. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Maternal obesity and baseline vitamin D insufficiency alter the response to vitamin D supplementation: a double-blind, randomized trial in pregnant women
ConclusionsSupplementation of 20 µg vitamin D3/d is needed to attain maternal and umbilical cord 25(OH)D concentrations ≥50 nmol/L on average, in those who start pregnancy with low 25(OH)D concentrations (<50 nmol/L).  Under current recommendations, women with obesity and low 25(OH)D in early pregnancy are particularly vulnerable to maintaining a low 25(OH)D concentration throughout pregnancy and having an infant born with deficient 25(OH)D concentrations. This trial was registered atClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02713009. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Testing metal, proving mettle —findings from the 2016–2018 India Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey regarding the prevalence of low serum zinc concentrations among children and adolescents, and their implications for public health
See corresponding article onpage 638. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Dietary patterns and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a population-based case-control study in southern China
ConclusionsOur results deliver compelling evidence that plant- and animal-based dietary factors are associated with NPC risk, and provide more insights on the associations of diets and cancer risk that may assist healthy diet recommendations. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Dietary patterns and hip fracture in the Adventist Health Study 2: combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation mitigate increased hip fracture risk among vegans
ConclusionsWithout combined supplementation of both vitamin D and calcium, female vegans are at high risk of hip fracture. However, with supplementation the excessive risk associated with vegans disappeared. Further research is needed to confirm the adequacy of a vegan diet supplemented with calcium and vitamin D with respect to risk of fracture. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

The associations between individual plasma SFAs, serine palmitoyl-transferase long-chain base subunit 3 gene rs680379 polymorphism, and type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults
ConclusionsPlasma 15:0 and VLSFAs were inversely associated with T2D. Meanwhile, compared with the rs680379 GG genotype carriers, subjects with GA and AA genotypes were associated with decreased odds of T2D. More investigations are warranted to confirm our findings. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Genetic variants modify the associations of concentrations of methylmalonic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate with bone mineral density
ConclusionsSome genetic variants in the 1-carbon methylation pathway modify the association of B vitamin and biomarker concentrations with bone density and strength.   These interactions require further replication and functional validation for a mechanistic understanding of the role of the 1-carbon metabolism pathway on BMD and risks of fracture. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Metabolic risk factors, genetic predisposition, and risk of severe liver disease in Chinese: a prospective study of 0.5 million people
ConclusionsIn relatively lean Chinese adults, individuals with fewer metabolic risk factors had a lower relative risk of SLD and a more favorable profile of liver biomarkers across all strata of genetic risk. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Post-diagnostic reliance on plant-compared with animal-based foods and all-cause mortality in omnivorous long-term colorectal cancer survivors
ConclusionsAn overall plant-based diet was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in long-term CRC survivors. However, more research is needed to further disentangle the impacts of different qualities of plant-based diets on cancer survivors ’ health. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Dairy foods, calcium, and risk of breast cancer overall and for subtypes defined by estrogen receptor status: a pooled analysis of 21 cohort studies
ConclusionOur study shows that adult dairy or calcium consumption is unlikely to associate with a higher risk of breast cancer and that higher yogurt and cottage/ricotta cheese intakes were inversely associated with the risk of ER-negative breast cancer, a less hormonally dependent subtype with poor prognosis. Future studies on fermented dairy products, earlier life exposures, ER-negative breast cancer, and different racial/ethnic populations may further elucidate the relation. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Daily apple consumption reduces plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell –secreted inflammatory biomarkers in adults with overweight and obesity: a 6-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial
ConclusionsSix-week daily whole Gala apple consumption may be an effective dietary strategy to mitigate the obesity-associated inflammation that exacerbates CVD risk, without weight loss. This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT03523403. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Habitual flavonoid intake and ischemic stroke incidence in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort
ConclusionsThese findings suggest that moderate habitual consumption of healthy flavonoid-rich foods is associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke and further investigation is therefore warranted. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - May 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research