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Supplementation with oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, but not in docosahexaenoic acid, improves global cognitive function in healthy, young adults: results from randomized controlled trials
ConclusionsEPA supplementation improved global cognitive function and was superior to the oil enriched with DHA. Interpreted within a neural efficiency framework, reduced PFC oxygenated Hb suggests that n –3 PUFAs may be associated with increased efficiency.These trials were registered in the clinical trials registry (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) as NCT03158545, NCT03592251, NCT02763514. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Meal-induced inflammation: postprandial insights from the Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT) study in 1000 participants
ConclusionsThe variable postprandial increases in GlycA and their associations with TG metabolism highlight the importance of modulating TG in concert with obesity to reduce GlycA and associated low-grade inflammation –related diseases.This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT03479866. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Plasma TMAO increase after healthy diets: results from 2 randomized controlled trials with dietary fish, polyphenols, and whole-grain cereals
ConclusionsDiets rich in LCn3 of marine origin or WGCs significantly increased plasma TMAO concentration. These changes mirrored the direct associations between TMAO concentrations and intakes of fish and WGCs, suggesting that TMAO reflects intakes of these healthy foods and, therefore, it is not a universally valid biomarker of cardiometabolic risk independent of the background diet.These trials were registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT01154478 and NCT00945854. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 5, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Meat intake and risk of mortality and graft failure in kidney transplant recipients
ConclusionsHigh urinary 3-methylhistidine, reflecting higher red meat intake, is independently associated with lower risk of mortality. High urinary concentrations of both 1- and 3-methylhistidine, of which the former reflects higher white meat intake, are independently associated with lower risk of graft failure in KTR. Future intervention studies are warranted to study the effect of high meat intake on mortality and graft failure in KTR, using these biomarkers. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 5, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Prenatal alcohol-related alterations in maternal, placental, neonatal, and infant iron homeostasis
ConclusionsIn this study, greater PAE was associated with an unfavorable profile of maternal-fetal iron homeostasis, which may play mechanistic roles in PAE-related ID later in infancy. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 5, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

The importance of considering both nutrient quality and climate impact to support sustainable development
See corresponding article onpage 515. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 5, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Time trends in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and related socioeconomic differences among adolescents in Eastern Europe: signs of a nutrition transition?
ConclusionsAdolescent daily consumption of SSBs decreased between 2002 and 2018 in most Eastern European countries. Declines were larger among higher-affluence adolescents. These results are useful to evaluate and plan interventions promoting healthy childhood diets. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 4, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Effects of exercise and/or β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older women with low muscle mass: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
ConclusionsHMB additively improved gait performance with negligible benefit and provided no enhancements in the effects of exercise on other outcomes. Exercise appeared to be the only effective intervention to improve outcomes in older women with low muscle mass.This trial was registered atwww.umin.ac.jp/ctr/as UMIN000028560. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Early prenatal use of a multivitamin diminishes the risk for inadequate vitamin D status in pregnant women: results from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort study
ConclusionsThe results from this cohort demonstrate the importance of early multivitamin supplement use to achieve an adequate vitamin D status in pregnant women. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Anabolic effects of oral leucine-rich protein with and without β-hydroxybutyrate on muscle protein metabolism in a novel clinical model of systemic inflammation—a randomized crossover trial
ConclusionIn contrast to our initial hypothesis, NBphe increased similarly following BLG during CAT and CTR conditions; CAT however, specifically stimulated the BLG-mediated increase in protein synthesis, whereas BHB coadministration did not affect NBphe, but distinctly dampened the BLG-induced increase in muscle amino acid fluxes thereby liberating circulating amino acids for anabolic actions elsewhere. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Junk food consumption trends point to the need for retail policies
See corresponding article onpage 1039. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

First things first: a step in the right direction for the preanalytical phase of thiamine measurements
See corresponding article onpage 1173. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

All moderately wasted children are at risk, but some are more at risk than others
NIH10.13039/100000002K24 DK104676P30 DK040561 (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains win again
See corresponding article onpage 605. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 3, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Healthy dietary patterns and common pregnancy complications: a prospective and longitudinal study
ConclusionsAdherence to AHEI, AMED, or DASH during periconception and pregnancy was related to lower risks of GDM, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery.This study was registered atClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00912132. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 2, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research