American Journal of Clinical Nutrition This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Effect of 2-year caloric restriction on organ and tissue size in nonobese 21- to 50-year-old adults in a randomized clinical trial: the CALERIE study
ConclusionsTwenty-four months of CR (intended, 25%; actual, 13.7%) in young individuals without obesity had effects on body composition, including a preferential loss of adipose tissue, especially VAT, over the loss of muscle and organ tissue. This trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02695511. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 22, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Plasma choline and betaine and risks of cardiovascular events and recurrent stroke after ischemic stroke
ConclusionsPlasma choline pathway metabolites, including choline and betaine, were associated with decreased risks of cardiovascular events and recurrent stroke and provided incremental value in risk discrimination and stratification in patients with ischemic stroke. This nested case-control study was based on the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke, which is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01840072. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 22, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Effect of carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions on LDL particle size and number in adults in the context of weight loss or weight maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsThe available evidence indicates that dietary interventions restricted in carbohydrates increase LDL peak particle size and decrease the numbers of total and small LDL particles.This review was registered atwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020188745. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 22, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Higher fasting plasma FGF21 concentration is associated with lower ad libitum soda consumption in humans
ConclusionsHigher plasma fasting FGF21 concentration is associated with lower ad libitum soda intake. Although this inverse correlation does not imply causation, the present results support the putative role of FGF21 in the reward pathways regulating sugar consumption in humans. This trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00342732. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 22, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Postprandial metabolism and inflammation —a comprehensive model to advance Precision Nutrition? Lessons learned from the Personalised REsponses to DIetary Composition Trial (PREDICT study)
See corresponding article onpage 1028. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 18, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Using an erythrocyte fatty acid fingerprint to predict risk of all-cause mortality: the Framingham Offspring Cohort
ConclusionsIn this community-based population in their mid-60s, RBC FA patterns were as predictive of risk for death during the next 11 y as standard risk factors. Replication is needed in other cohorts to validate this FA fingerprint as a predictor of all-cause mortality. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 16, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Associations of atrophic gastritis and proton-pump inhibitor drug use with vitamin B-12 status, and the impact of fortified foods, in older adults
ConclusionsOlder adults who have AG and/or use higher doses of PPIs are more likely to have indicators of vitamin B-12 deficiency. Fortified foods, if consumed regularly, were associated with enhanced vitamin B-12 status, but higher levels of added vitamin B-12 than currently provided could be warranted to optimize status in people with AG. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 16, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Are metabolic adaptations to weight changes an artefact?
ConclusionsAdjusting changes in REE with under- and overfeeding for the corresponding changes in the anatomical and molecular composition of FFM decreased AT after CR and increased AT after OF, but overall adjusted AT was likely not large enough in magnitude to be able to prevent weight loss or resist weight gain. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 16, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Food for thought: A natural language processing analysis of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines publice comments
ConclusionsPublic comments were diverse, held conflicting viewpoints, and often did not base comments on personal anecdotes or opinions without citing scientific evidence. Because the volume of public comments has grown dramatically, NLP has promise to assist in objective analysis of public comment input. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 16, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Maternal plasma choline and betaine in late pregnancy and child growth up to age 8 years in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study
ConclusionsThird-trimester pregnancy plasma choline and betaine were positively associated with childhood anthropometric measures. In boys, some of the associations may have persisted up to 8 y of age. Further studies may investigate the validity of maternal plasma choline and betaine concentrations as markers of maternal intake and fetal transfer. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

A prospective study of dietary flavonoid intake and risk of glioma in US men and women
ConclusionsIncreased dietary intakes of flavan-3-ol and polymeric flavonoids, especially those predominant in tea, were associated with decreased glioma risks in a prospective cohort of men and women. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Factors associated with longitudinal changes in B-vitamin and choline concentrations of human milk
ConclusionsChanges in B-vitamin and choline concentrations in human milk over time may be associated with the early concentrations of these micronutrients in milk, maternal prepregnancy BMI, dietary intake, and gestational age at delivery. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

An emerging role of Prevotella histicola on estrogen deficiency –induced bone loss through the gut microbiota–bone axis in postmenopausal women and in ovariectomized mice
ConclusionsThe GM diversity and composition between the PMN and PMO groups were significantly different. In particular, the proportion of the genusPrevotella was notably higher in the PMN group, demonstrating its potential bone-protective effects on osteoporosis. Further animal study using osteoporotic mice showedP. histicola could prevent estrogen deficiency –induced bone loss through the GM–bone axis. Thus,P. histicola may serve as a therapeutic agent or target for osteoporosis treatment. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Isotopic measurement of iron requirements in sub-Saharan African children
ConclusionsOur results suggest that WHO/FAO iron requirements are adequate for healthy iron-sufficient children in this rural area of Malawi, but iron-deficient children require additional bioavailable iron to correct their iron deficit. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

The multifactorial consequences of sulfur amino acid deficiency
See corresponding article onpage 925. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - June 10, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research