American Journal of Clinical Nutrition This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The perils of using predicted values in place of observed covariates: an example of predicted values of body composition and mortality risk
ConclusionsIt is important for researchers to be aware of the potential pitfalls and limitations inherent in the substitution of predicted values for measured covariates in order to draw proper conclusions from such studies. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

The effect of intermittent energy restriction on weight loss and diabetes risk markers in women with a history of gestational diabetes: a 12-month randomized control trial
ConclusionsIER produces comparable weight loss to CER over 12 mo in overweight women with previous GDM. The high dropout rate in this study is a limitation in the interpretation of these results. Larger studies are needed to confirm noninferiority of IER compared to CER. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Associations of breastfeeding with childhood autoimmunity, allergies, and overweight: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study
ConclusionsLonger breastfeeding was not associated with a lower risk of childhood (islet or transglutaminase) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children but was associated with decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis and obesity at 5.5 y of age. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

The need to study human milk as a biological system
ABSTRACTCritical advancement is needed in the study of human milk as a biological system that intersects and interacts with myriad internal (maternal biology) and external (diet, environment, infections) factors and its plethora of influences on the developing infant. Human-milk composition and its resulting biological function is more than the sum of its parts. Our failure to fully understand this biology in a large part contributes to why the duration of exclusive breastfeeding remains an unsettled science (if not policy). Our current understanding of human-milk composition and its individual components and their functio...
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 8, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Value of handgrip strength to predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic response in malnourished medical inpatients: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
ConclusionsIn medical inpatients at nutritional risk, HGS provided significant prognostic information about expected mortality and complication risks and helps to identify  which patients benefit most from nutritional support. HGS may thus improve individualization of nutritional therapy.This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517476. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Shifting toward a healthier dietary pattern through nudging and pricing strategies: A secondary analysis of a randomized virtual supermarket experiment
ConclusionsNudging and salient pricing strategies have a differential effect on purchases of a variety of food groups. The largest effects were found for dairy and grains, which may therefore be the most promising food groups to target in order to achieve healthier purchases. The randomized trial on which the current secondary analyses were based is registered in the Dutch trial registry (NTR7293;www.trialregister.nl). (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Sex-specific 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold concentrations for functional outcomes in older adults: PRoject on Optimal VItamin D in Older adults (PROVIDO)
ConclusionsEmpirically identified and validated sex-specific threshold 25(OH)D concentrations for physical function for older adults, 24.0 ng/mL for women and 21.0 ng/mL for men, may inform candidate reference concentrations or the design of vitamin D intervention trials. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

How body composition techniques measure up for reliability across the age-span
ConclusionsThe primary purpose of a study design is imperative when deciding on body composition assessment techniques used for longitudinal measurements. If reliable longitudinal assessments of FFM are central, a 3C or 4C model may be indicated. If FM is a primary outcome, DXA may be preferable. However, considering the low error rates presented within the current study across a broad age span of healthy adults with implementation of best-practice guidelines, any technique assessed here may be used, provided that strict protocols are adhered to. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Dietary intake is associated with neuropsychological impairment in women with HIV
ConclusionsIntakes of processed meat, sweet beverages, whole milk, fish, and vegetables may be associated with NP functions among WWH. Associations among WWH are not directly comparable to those among HIV-seronegative women, because models were conducted on each group separately given controls for HIV-specific covariates in WWH. Further studies are needed using more rigorous dietary assessment methods and lengthier longitudinal follow-ups. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Low protein intake, physical activity, and physical function in European and North American community-dwelling older adults: a pooled analysis of four longitudinal aging cohorts
ConclusionsHigher daily protein intake can reduce physical function decline not only in older adults with protein intake below the current RDA of 0.8 g/kg BW/d, but also in those with a protein intake that is already considered sufficient. This dose-dependent association was observed for each level of PA, suggesting no clear synergistic association between protein intake and PA in relation to physical function. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Dairy consumption and mortality after myocardial infarction: a prospective analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort
ConclusionsIn Dutch post-MI patients, yogurt consumption was inversely associated with CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. Associations for milk and other dairy products were neutral or inconsistent.This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT03192410. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Metabolic adaptation characterizes short-term resistance to weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet in overweight/obese individuals
ConclusionsIndividuals who achieved predicted weight loss targets after a 28-d LCD were characterized by reduced metabolic adaptation. Accumulation of metabolites associated with acetyl-CoA excess and enhanced ketogenesis was identified in the ODS group.This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.gov as NCT01616082. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Iron supplementation in anemic Zanzibari toddlers is associated with greater loss in erythrocyte iron isotope enrichment
ConclusionsToddlers who received Fe supplementation exhibited significantly greater losses of RBC Fe isotope enrichment over time. We speculate this greater loss of RBC Fe enrichment is indicative of increased erythropoiesis due to the provision of Fe among anemic or helminth-infected toddlers. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake in infancy with DXA-measured abdominal adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence
ConclusionsHigher fruit juice intake in infancy was associated with greater abdominal adiposity, particularly VAT, in mid-childhood and early adolescence. Our findings support limiting fruit juice intake in infancy, which can have later impact on visceral adiposity in childhood and adolescence.Clinical Trial Registry number: NCT02820402 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02820402). (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Severe acute malnutrition in childhood, chronic diseases, and human capital in adulthood in the Democratic Republic of Congo: the Lwiro Cohort Study
ConclusionSAM during childhood was associated with a high risk of NCDs and lower human capital in adulthood. Thus, policymakers and funders seeking to fight the global spread of NCDs in adults in low-resource settings should consider the long-term benefit of reducing childhood SAM as a preventive measure to reduce the socioeconomic burden attributable to NCDs. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - April 7, 2021 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research