Mitochondrial dysfunction in people with HIV receiving contemporary antiretroviral therapy
No abstract available (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Editorial Comments Source Type: research
Urine tenofovir-monitoring predicts HIV viremia in patients treated with high genetic-barrier regimens
Objective:
Access to viral load measurements is constrained in resource-limited settings. A lateral flow urine tenofovir (TFV) rapid assay (UTRA) for patients whose regimens include TFV offers an affordable approach to frequent adherence monitoring.
Design:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients to assess the utility of UTRA to predict virologic failure, defined as a viral load greater than 400 copies/ml.
Methods:
We assessed urine TFV among 113 participants at increased risk of viral failure (who had previous viral failure on this regimen or had previously been ≥30 days out of care), comp...
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social: CONCISE COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the infant pneumococcal vaccine era in Malawi
Conclusion:
Despite temporal reductions in overall and vaccine-serotype carriage, there is evidence of incomplete vaccine-serotype indirect protection. A targeted-vaccination campaign should be considered for ALWHIV, along with other public health measures to further reduce vaccine-serotype carriage and therefore disease. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research
The impact, effectiveness and outcomes of targeted screening thresholds for programmatic latent tuberculosis infection testing in HIV
Background:
Screening and treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are key for TB control. In the UK, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the British HIV Association (BHIVA) give conflicting guidance on which groups of people with HIV (PWH) should be screened, and previous national analysis demonstrated heterogeneity in how guidance is applied. There is an urgent need for a firmer clinical effectiveness evidence base on which to build screening policy.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic, programmatic LTBI-screening intervention for all PWH receiving care in Leicester, UK. W...
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research
Impact and cost-effectiveness of non-governmental organizations on the HIV epidemic in Ukraine among MSM
Conclusion:
MSM-targeted NGOs in Ukraine have prevented considerable HIV infections and are highly cost-effective compared with a willingness-to-pay threshold of 50% of Ukraine's 2018 GDP (US$1548). (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research
Correlations between community-level HIV preexposure prophylaxis coverage and individual-level sexual behaviors among United States MSM
Conclusion:
Most correlations between community PrEP coverage and sexual behavior were explained by individual PrEP use. However, some residual associations remained after controlling for individual PrEP use, suggesting that PrEP coverage may partially drive community-level differences in sexual behaviors. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research
The contribution of late HIV diagnosis on the occurrence of HIV-associated tuberculosis
Conclusion:
Late presentation accounted for a large share of TB cases. Delaying ART initiation was detrimental for incident TB rates, and the impact of late presentation persisted up to 5 years from HIV care entry. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research
Diet in a global cohort of adults with HIV at low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular disease risk
Conclusion:
Among PWH eligible for primary CVD prevention, diet quality was suboptimal or poor for almost half of participants, and there were substantial variations in diet quality reported by GBD region.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
NCT02344290 (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE: CONCISE COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
A multi-centre observational study of HIV, tuberculosis and risk of chronic lung disease in urban West Africa
This study sought to quantify the contribution of HIV and TB infection in addition to conventional CLD risk factors, such as tobacco and biofuel exposure, to CLD in urban West Africa.
Design:
A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted in three community clinics in Lagos, Nigeria between 2018 and 2019.
Methods:
Spirometry, questionnaires and clinical records were used to estimate prevalence of CLD and association with risk factors.
Results:
In total, 148 HIV-negative individuals and 170 HIV-positive individuals completed the study. Current cigarette (11 of 318, 3.5%) and lifetime domestic biofue...
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
Long-term antiretroviral therapy mitigates mortality and morbidity independent of HIV tropism: 18 years follow-up in a women's cohort
Conclusion:
Long-term cART markedly mitigated the deleterious effect of X4 viruses on AIDS morbidity and mortality. Mitigation was correlated with duration of viral suppression, supporting HIV-1 suppression as a crucial goal. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
Characteristics of patients admitted to the ICU with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated diseases
Conclusion:
The majority of patients with HIV and KADs admitted to the ICU had well controlled HIV. Additional KAD were diagnosed during ICU admission in a proportion of patients who presented with presumed KICS. Critical illness did not preclude a subset of patients from receiving KAD-directed therapy in the ICU. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
A randomized study of intensified antiretroviral treatment monitoring versus standard-of-care for prevention of drug resistance and antiretroviral treatment switch
Conclusion:
Three-monthly viral load testing did not significantly reduce the duration of viraemia when compared with standard-of-care annual viral load testing, providing randomized trial evidence in support of annual viral load monitoring. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
Low-frequency pre-treatment HIV drug resistance: effects on 2-year outcome of first-line efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy
Objective(s):
Assess the impact of pre-treatment high-frequency and low-frequency drug-resistant HIV variants on long-term outcomes of first-line efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Design:
Prospective observational study.
Methods:
Participants’ pre-treatment plasma RNA had two sections of HIV pol encoding reverse transcriptase sequenced (Illumina, MiSeq) using unique molecular identifiers to detect wild-type (pre-treatment drug-resistant variants less than 1% of viral quasispecies), low-frequency (1–9%) or high-frequency drug-resistant variants (10–100%). Associations between pre-treatmen...
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
Impact of preexisting nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance on the effectiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment experience patients
Conclusion:
Switching to B/F/TAF is well tolerated and effective in the real-world setting, even in patients with preexisting NRTI RAMs, such as M184V and RAMs conferring resistance to tenofovir. These results confirm the robustness of this combination. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
Effect of aging on immune cells in male HIV-infected and -uninfected healthy individuals
Objective:
HIV induces immunologic dysfunction in T cells of infected individuals. However, the impact of aging on T cell phenotypes in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been fully delineated. We evaluated the relationship between aging and the expression of immune activation and exhaustion markers on CD8+ T cells of age-matched HIV-infected and -uninfected male participants.
Design:
Levels of immune activation and exhaustion markers on peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of HIV-infected and -uninfected participants were examined.
Methods:
110 HIV-infected aviremic male par...
Source: AIDS - November 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research
