Opioid agonist treatment improves progression through the HIV cascade of care among people living with HIV who use unregulated opioids
Conclusions: This study found a high level of OAT engagement among PHIV using unregulated opioids and that OAT engagement resulted in significantly increased progression through some of the higher steps of the HIV cascade. While these findings are encouraging, they highlight the need to reach populations off OAT to maximize the clinical and community-level benefits of ART. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SOCIAL Source Type: research

Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with HAART and monotherapy
Conclusion: Pregnant WLHIV receiving HAART have an increased risk of a wide range of perinatal outcomes compared with HIV-negative women. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SOCIAL Source Type: research

Unmet needs for HIV ancillary care services by healthcare coverage and Ryan White HIV/AIDS program assistance
Conclusions: RWHAP helped reduce some needs for uninsured persons. However, with growing socioeconomic inequities following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, expanding access to needed services for all people with HIV could improve key outcomes. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SOCIAL Source Type: research

Significance of lymph node fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of HIV-associated lymphoma in a low-resource setting
Conclusion: FNA is an important screening modality in this high HIV and tuberculosis (TB) burden region. Patients with cytology suggestive for lymphoma, but without biopsy confirmation, have a high mortality rate suggesting undiagnosed lymphoma. A better understanding of the barriers to appropriate diagnostic triage for lymphoma is needed. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE: CONCISE COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Exploratory study of an oral screening dysplasia program for HIV-infected men who have sex with men
Conclusions: The prevalence of oral HPV infections, abnormal cytology and lesions in HIV-infected MSM was low, and their correlation with anal HPV-related lesions was slight. These results confirm the current barriers to oral dysplasia screening techniques. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

Long-lasting adaptive immune memory specific to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 stable people with HIV
Conclusions: PWH develop a comparable short and long-term natural functional cellular and humoral immune response than PWOH convalescent patients, which are highly influenced by the clinical severity of the COVID-19 infection. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

Isoniazid preventive therapy and tuberculosis transcriptional signatures in people with HIV
Objective(s): To examine the association between isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) sputum culture positivity and tuberculosis (TB) transcriptional signatures in people with HIV. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We enrolled adults living with HIV who were IPT-naive or had completed IPT more than 6 months prior at HIV care clinics in western Kenya. We calculated TB signatures using gene expression data from qRT-PCR. We used multivariable linear regression to analyze the association between prior receipt of IPT or NTM sputum culture positivity with a transcripti...
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

High incidence of subclinical peripheral artery disease in people with HIV
Objective: Atherosclerosis is common in people with HIV (PWH). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the peripheral manifestation of atherosclerosis, but little is known about the incidence of PAD in PWH. Our objective was to determine the PAD incidence in PWH and to investigate potential risk factors. Design: Prospective longitudinal study on PWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study cohort. Methods: We performed ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements at study entry and at 2-year follow-up and included participants with normal ABI at study entry. We defined de novo PAD as ABI ≤0...
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in HIV-infected patients: new twists on an old disease
Objective: Investigate the presence of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and complement activation in patients with HIV-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HIV-TTP) to support the hypothesis that these processes probably contribute to the development of this thrombotic microangiopathy. Design: A prospective, investigational cohort study of 35 consecutive patients diagnosed with HIV-associated TTP presenting to three academic, tertiary care hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa over 2 years. Methods: The patients with HIV-TTP received therapeutic plasma therapy and supportive treatment. D...
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

Switching from tenofovir alafenamide to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate improves lipid profile and protects from weight gain
Background: Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and body weight. Metabolic effects of the opposite TAF-to-TDF switch are unknown. Objectives: To investigate the effect of TAF-to-TDF switch on plasma lipids, body weight, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score. Design: A retrospective chart review. Methods: One hundred and forty-six patients with TAF-to-TDF switch (Switch group) were compared with 146 patients matched for sex, age, and third antiretroviral agent class who continu...
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE Source Type: research

Elevated CD4+ T-cell glucose metabolism in HIV+ women with diabetes mellitus
Conclusion: CD4+ T cells from HIV+DM+ have elevated glucose metabolism. Treatment of diabetes mellitus among women with HIV may partially correct CD4+ T-cell metabolic dysfunction. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research

Caregiver fears and assumptions about child HIV status drive not testing children for HIV
No abstract available (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Challenging management of a post-coronavirus disease 2019 invasive Aspergillus sinusitis in a person living with HIV
No abstract available (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

High seroconversion rate after vaccination with mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among people with HIV – but HIV viremia matters?
No abstract available (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Decay of coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity in people with HIV
Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines induce robust SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular responses in people with HIV (PWH). However, the rate of decay of effector immune responses has not been studied in these individuals. Here, we report a significant waning of antibody responses but persistent T-cell responses 6 months post vaccination in virally suppressed PWH with high CD4+ T-cell counts. These responses are comparable with those seen in healthy donors. (Source: AIDS)
Source: AIDS - July 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research