Comparing Cytotoxicity and Efficacy of Miltefosine and Standard Antimicrobial Agents Against Acanthamoeba Trophozoites and Cyst Forms: An In Vitro Study
Acta Trop. 2023 Aug 27:107009. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAcanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is an eye disease often occurring in contact lens wearers. AK treatment is prolonged and requires multiple drugs, which can lead to adverse effects. Our study aimed to compare the in vitro activities and safety of Miltefosine with that of conventional antimicrobial agents used to treat AK. Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 was obtained from a patient with keratitis and subjected to in vitro susceptibility testing with various antimicrobial agents, including Chlorhexidine, Pentamidine isethiona...
Source: Acta Tropica - August 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Alireza Latifi Mehdi Mohebali Setayesh Yasami Mohammad Soleimani Mostafa Rezaian Elham Kazemirad Source Type: research
Atypical Presentation of Herpes Stromal Keratitis in a Contact Lens Wearer
This article describes the case of a 21-year-old female habitual contact lens wearer who complained of left eye pain, redness, and decreased vision for one week. When a ring-shaped corneal infiltration indicative of an Acanthamoeba infection was discovered, standard anti-amoebic topical therapy with polyhexamethylene biguanide and chlorhexidine was commenced. However, her keratitis worsened. At the same time, corneal scraping revealed no pathogens. An anterior chamber examination revealed a loss of corneal sensation, and a positive herpes simplex virus (HSV) immunoglobulin G serology test indicated HSV keratitis. She was e...
Source: Herpes - June 5, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ruknesvary Subramaniam Khairy Shamel Sonny Teo Julieana Muhammed Source Type: research
False positive microbiological results in Acanthamoeba keratitis: the importance of clinico-microbiological correlation
Eye, Published online: 13 May 2023; doi:10.1038/s41433-023-02573-1False positive microbiological results in Acanthamoeba keratitis: the importance of clinico-microbiological correlation (Source: Eye)
Source: Eye - May 13, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Thai Ling Wong Zun Zheng Ong Luca Marelli Arianna Pennacchi Michelle Lister Dalia G. Said Harminder S. Dua Darren S. J. Ting Source Type: research
The role of the calcofluor white staining in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis
ConclusionOur data demonstrate that diagnosis ofAcanthamoeba keratitis remains difficult and therapy is initiated late. A positive CFW test confirms the diagnosis as there are almost no false positive results and it was available faster than PCR. In case of a negative CFW test,Acanthamoeba keratitis cannot be ruled out because of a high false negative rate. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - May 2, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A scoping review demonstrating unfavorable outcomes
Acanthamoeba spp. are pathogens that cause Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a serious cornea inflammation that can lead to gradual loss of vision, permanent blindness, and keratoplasty. The efficacy of AK treatment depends on the drug ’s ability to reach the target tissue by escaping the protective eye barrier. No single drug can eradicate the living forms of the amoeba and be non-toxic to the cornea tissue. The treatment aims to eradicate both forms of protozoan life but is hampered by the resistance of the cysts to the most a vailable drugs, leading to prolonged infection and relapses. (Source: Contact Lens and Anterior Eye)
Source: Contact Lens and Anterior Eye - April 26, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Maria Luiza Carneiro B üchele, Bruno Fonseca Nunes, Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro, Karin Silva Caumo Tags: Review article Source Type: research
Clinical Profile and Demographic Distribution of < em > Acanthamoeba < /em > Keratitis: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Data Analytics from an Eye Care Network in India
CONCLUSION: AK more commonly affects males presenting during the fourth decade of life from lower socio-economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A fourth of the affected eyes underwent keratoplasty and the majority had significant visual impairment at presentation.PMID:37084281 | DOI:10.1080/09273948.2023.2199331 (Source: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation)
Source: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation - April 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Anthony Vipin Das Bhupesh Bagga Joveeta Joseph Source Type: research
Epidemiological profile of microbial keratitis in Alexandria-Egypt a 5 years retrospective study
ConclusionViral keratitis followed by bacterial keratitis were the most frequent etiologic agents causing microbial keratitis found in our study. Although trauma was the most frequent risk factor for microbial keratitis, contact lens wear was found an important preventable risk factor for microbial keratitis in young patients. Performing culture properly whenever indicated before starting antimicrobial treatment increased the cultures ’ positive results. (Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection)
Source: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection - April 13, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba
Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protozoa, which exists widely in nature and is mainly distributed in soil and water. Acanthamoeba usually exists in two forms, trophozoites and cysts. The trophozoite stage is one of growth and reproduction while the cyst stage is characterized by cellular quiescence, commonly resulting in human infection, and the lack of effective monotherapy after initial infection leads to chronic disease. Acanthamoeba can infect several human body tissues such as the skin, cornea, conjunctiva, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract, especially when the tissue barriers are damaged. Furthermore, seriou...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 5, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Diagnostic accuracy of confocal scan in detecting acanthamoeba keratitis and fungal keratitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionThe accuracy of confocal scan for the diagnosis of AK was significantly more than that for detecting FK; despite the limitations such as limited numbers of available retrospective studies for the detection of FK, confocal scan had an acceptable performance in detecting FK eyes. The overall performance of NCS was similar with that of HRT-RCM for the detection of both types of keratitis. (Source: International Ophthalmology)
Source: International Ophthalmology - March 28, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research
Gongolarones as antiamoeboid chemical scaffold
In this study, six meroterpenoids were isolated and purified from the species Gongolaria abies-marina. Gongolarones A (1), B (2) and C (3) were identified as new compounds. Additionally, cystomexicone B (4), 1'-methoxyamentadione (5) and 6Z-1'-methoxyamentadione (6) were isolated. All compounds exhibited amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff, A. polyphaga and A. griffini strains. Gongolarones A (1) and C (3) showed the lowest IC50 values against the two stages of these amoebae (trophozoite and cyst). Structure-activity relationship revealed that the cyclization by ether formation from C-12 to C-15 of 1...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - March 14, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rub én L Rodríguez-Expósito Desir ée San Nicolás-Hernández Ines Sifaoui Cristina Cuadrado Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro Mar ía Reyes-Batlle Antonio Hern ández-Daranas Maritza Oma ña-Molina Jos é J Fernández Ana R D íaz-Marrero Jos é E Piñero Jac Source Type: research
Gongolarones as antiamoeboid chemical scaffold
In this study, six meroterpenoids were isolated and purified from the species Gongolaria abies-marina. Gongolarones A (1), B (2) and C (3) were identified as new compounds. Additionally, cystomexicone B (4), 1'-methoxyamentadione (5) and 6Z-1'-methoxyamentadione (6) were isolated. All compounds exhibited amoebicidal activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii Neff, A. polyphaga and A. griffini strains. Gongolarones A (1) and C (3) showed the lowest IC50 values against the two stages of these amoebae (trophozoite and cyst). Structure-activity relationship revealed that the cyclization by ether formation from C-12 to C-15 of 1...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - March 14, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rub én L Rodríguez-Expósito Desir ée San Nicolás-Hernández Ines Sifaoui Cristina Cuadrado Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro Mar ía Reyes-Batlle Antonio Hern ández-Daranas Maritza Oma ña-Molina Jos é J Fernández Ana R D íaz-Marrero Jos é E Piñero Jac Source Type: research
Cinnamic acid and lactobionic acid based nanoformulations as a potential antiamoebic therapeutics
Exp Parasitol. 2023 Jan 25;246:108474. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108474. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAcanthamoeba castellanii causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, an uncommon but severe brain infection and sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis. Most of the currently used anti-amoebic treatments are not always effective, due to persistence of the cyst stage, and recurrence can occur. Here in this study we synthesize cinnamic acid and lactobionic acid-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using co-precipitation technique. These nanoformulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Atom...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - January 28, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Noor Akbar Muhammad Kawish Tooba Jabri Naveed Ahmed Khan Muhammad Raza Shah Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Source Type: research
Cinnamic acid and lactobionic acid based nanoformulations as a potential antiamoebic therapeutics
Exp Parasitol. 2023 Jan 25:108474. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108474. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAcanthamoeba castellanii causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, an uncommon but severe brain infection and sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis. Most of the currently used anti-amoebic treatments are not always effective, due to persistence of the cyst stage, and recurrence can occur. Here in this study we synthesize cinnamic acid and lactobionic acid-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using co-precipitation technique. These nanoformulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic f...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - January 28, 2023 Category: Parasitology Authors: Noor Akbar Muhammad Kawish Tooba Jabri Naveed Ahmed Khan Muhammad Raza Shah Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui Source Type: research
