Aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors in regulation of the cardiovascular system and pathological remodelling of the heart and arteries.

Aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors in regulation of the cardiovascular system and pathological remodelling of the heart and arteries. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;69(6): Authors: Sztechman D, Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Zera T Abstract In the review we discuss the role of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in regulation and pathological remodelling of the cardiovascular system and the therapeutic potential of pharmacological targeting of MRs in cardiovascular diseases. MRs are expressed in organs involved in cardiovascular homeostasis: brain, heart, kidneys and vessels. The excessive activation of MRs has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system through sympatho-excitation, elevated salt appetite, and renal retention of salt with consequent positive sodium balance, fibrosis and remodelling of the heart and arteries, and with propensity for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Hence, it provides basis for a common pathophysiological milieu of hypertension and heart failure. Furthermore, MR-mediated changes in the cardiovascular system are potentiated by renin-angiotensin system and activation of angiotensin type 1 receptors. Due to low selectivity, MRs bind both aldosterone and GCs - cortisol in humans and corticosterone in laboratory rodents. The binding of GCs to MRs is determined by availability of tissue specific 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of type 1 (11β-HSD1) or type 2 (11Î...
Source: Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research