Movement disorders associated with pediatric encephalitis
Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;200:229-238. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00018-9.ABSTRACTNew onset movement disorders are a common clinical problem in pediatric neurology and can be infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, or functional in origin. Encephalitis is one of the more important causes of new onset movement disorders, and movement disorders are a common feature (~25%) of all encephalitis. However, all encephalitides are not the same, and movement disorders are a key diagnostic feature that can help the clinician identify the etiology of the encephalitis, and therefore appropriate treatment is required. Movement disorders...
Source: Herpes - March 17, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Russell C Dale Shekeeb S Mohammad Source Type: research
An equine iPSC-based phenotypic screening platform identifies pro- and anti-viral molecules against West Nile virus
AbstractOutbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) occur periodically, affecting both human and equine populations. There are no vaccines for humans, and those commercialised for horses do not have sufficient coverage. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist. Many drug discovery studies have been conducted, but since rodent or primate cell lines are normally used, results cannot always be transposed to horses. There is thus a need to develop relevant equine cellular models. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cells to develop a new in vitro model of WNV-infected equine brain cells suitable for microplate assay, and assessed ...
Source: Veterinary Research - March 16, 2024 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 383: Inflammatory Response Associated with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: A Systematic Review
Conclusions: Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenesis of WNND and to investigate the extent and the way the host inflammatory response either helps in controlling the infection or in worsening the outcomes. This might prove useful both for the development of target therapies and for the development of molecular markers allowing early identification of patients displaying an inflammatory response that puts them at a higher risk of developing neuroinvasive disease and who might thus benefit from early antiviral therapies. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - February 29, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Alessandro Pavesi Giorgio Tiecco Luca Rossi Anita Sforza Andrea Ciccarone Federico Compostella Sofia Lovatti Lina Rachele Tomasoni Francesco Castelli Eugenia Quiros-Roldan Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research
Blood-feeding patterns of Culex pipiens biotype pipiens and pipiens/molestus hybrids in relation to avian community composition in urban habitats
Culex pipiens sensu stricto (s.s.) is considered the primary vector of Usutu virus and West Nile virus, and consists of two morphologically identical but behaviourally distinct biotypes (Cx. pipiens biotype pipie... (Source: Parasites and Vectors)
Source: Parasites and Vectors - February 29, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rody Blom, Louie Krol, Melissa Langezaal, Maarten Schrama, Krijn B. Trimbos, Daan Wassenaar and Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt Tags: Research Source Type: research
Low-temperature culture enhances production of flavivirus virus-like particles in mammalian cells
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Feb 28;108(1):242. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13064-y.ABSTRACTFlavivirus virus-like particles (VLPs) exhibit a striking structural resemblance to viral particles, making them highly adaptable for various applications, including vaccines and diagnostics. Consequently, increasing VLPs production is important and can be achieved by optimizing expression plasmids and cell culture conditions. While attempting to express genotype III (GIII) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) VLPs containing the G104H mutation in the envelope (E) protein, we failed to generate VLPs in COS-1 cells. However, VLPs product...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yi-Chin Fan Jo-Mei Chen Yi-Ying Chen Wei-Li Hsu Gwong-Jen Chang Shyan-Song Chiou Source Type: research
Low-temperature culture enhances production of flavivirus virus-like particles in mammalian cells
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Feb 28;108(1):242. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13064-y.ABSTRACTFlavivirus virus-like particles (VLPs) exhibit a striking structural resemblance to viral particles, making them highly adaptable for various applications, including vaccines and diagnostics. Consequently, increasing VLPs production is important and can be achieved by optimizing expression plasmids and cell culture conditions. While attempting to express genotype III (GIII) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) VLPs containing the G104H mutation in the envelope (E) protein, we failed to generate VLPs in COS-1 cells. However, VLPs product...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 28, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yi-Chin Fan Jo-Mei Chen Yi-Ying Chen Wei-Li Hsu Gwong-Jen Chang Shyan-Song Chiou Source Type: research
Oligoadenylate synthetase 1 displays dual antiviral mechanisms in driving translational shutdown and protecting interferon production
How cells induce the production of antiviral molecules while shutting down protein translation to limit viral replication remains unclear. Here, Harioudh et al. show a non-canonical function for the interferon-induced antiviral protein, OAS1, which sequesters and protects Ifnb mRNA from degradation to sustain innate antiviral protection against West Nile virus. (Source: Immunity)
Source: Immunity - February 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Munesh K. Harioudh, Joseph Perez, Zhenlu Chong, Sharmila Nair, Lomon So, Kevin D. McCormick, Arundhati Ghosh, Lulu Shao, Rashmi Srivastava, Frank Soveg, Thomas S. Ebert, Maninjay K. Atianand, Veit Hornung, Ram Savan, Michael S. Diamond, Saumendra N. Sarka Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 366: Recent Advances on Targeting Proteases for Antiviral Development
Silva
Viral proteases are an important target for drug development, since they can modulate vital pathways in viral replication, maturation, assembly and cell entry. With the (re)appearance of several new viruses responsible for causing diseases in humans, like the West Nile virus (WNV) and the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), understanding the mechanisms behind blocking viral protease’s function is pivotal for the development of new antiviral drugs and therapeutical strategies. Apart from directly inhibiting the target protease, usually by targeting its active site, se...
Source: Viruses - February 27, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Pedro Henrique Oliveira Borges Sabrina Baptista Ferreira Floriano Paes Silva Tags: Review Source Type: research
Recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit by the West Nile virus 3' UTR promotes the cross-talk between the viral genomic ends for translation regulation
Virus Res. 2024 Feb 20:199340. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199340. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFlaviviral RNA genomes are composed of discrete RNA structural units arranged in an ordered fashion and grouped into complex folded domains that regulate essential viral functions, e.g. replication and translation. This is achieved by adjusting the overall structure of the RNA genome via the establishment of inter- and intramolecular interactions. Translation regulation is likely the main process controlling flaviviral gene expression. Although the genomic 3' UTR is a key player in this regulation, little is known about the mo...
Source: Virus Research - February 22, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Sara Esther Ramos-Lorente Beatriz Berzal-Herranz Cristina Romero-L ópez Alfredo Berzal-Herranz Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 341: A Specific Pattern of Routine Cerebrospinal Fluid Parameters Might Help to Identify Cases of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease
Conclusions: Cases with WNV ME showed a specific pattern of routine CSF parameters and demographic data that allowed for their identification with good accuracy. These findings might help to guide the diagnostic workup in cases with viral ME, in particular allowing the timely identification of cases with ME due to WNV. (Source: Viruses)
Source: Viruses - February 22, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Johann Otto Pelz Christoph M ühlberg Isabel Friedrich Lorenz Weidhase Silke Zimmermann Melanie Maier Corinna Pietsch Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Smelly flies, phony fossils, and more stories you might have missed this week
Did the asteroid that decimated the dinosaurs also give birds a boost? How do Andean highlanders thrive at altitudes that make most people dizzy? And why are epidemiologists so interested in mosquito poop? Check out the answers below in some of our favorite selections from
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Female flies ditch sperm if they sniff out a better mate
Female vinegar flies (
Drosophila melanogaster
) often have many potential suitors and will mate with multiple males in succession. Yet not all of their mates father offspring: Females ca...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - February 16, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research
Automated Molecular Detection of West Nile Virus in Mosquito Pools using the Panther Fusion System
This study demonstrates the successful optimization of a WNV multiplex LDT (assay targets: ENV and NS1 genes) for high-throughput environmental surveillance testing of mosquito pool homogenates on the Panther Fusion System. Analytical sensitivity of the assay was 186 and 744 copies/PCR reaction for the ENV and NS1 targets, respectively. To assess the performance of this assay, a total of 80 mosquito pools were tested, including 60 previously tested pools and 20 spiked negative mosquito pools. Among the 60 previously tested specimens, the Panther Fusion WNV LDT demonstrated 100% positive and negative agreement with the CDC ...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - February 15, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Kajal M Patel Pushker Raj Source Type: research
Automated Molecular Detection of West Nile Virus in Mosquito Pools using the Panther Fusion System
This study demonstrates the successful optimization of a WNV multiplex LDT (assay targets: ENV and NS1 genes) for high-throughput environmental surveillance testing of mosquito pool homogenates on the Panther Fusion System. Analytical sensitivity of the assay was 186 and 744 copies/PCR reaction for the ENV and NS1 targets, respectively. To assess the performance of this assay, a total of 80 mosquito pools were tested, including 60 previously tested pools and 20 spiked negative mosquito pools. Among the 60 previously tested specimens, the Panther Fusion WNV LDT demonstrated 100% positive and negative agreement with the CDC ...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - February 15, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Kajal M Patel Pushker Raj Source Type: research
Automated Molecular Detection of West Nile Virus in Mosquito Pools using the Panther Fusion System
This study demonstrates the successful optimization of a WNV multiplex LDT (assay targets: ENV and NS1 genes) for high-throughput environmental surveillance testing of mosquito pool homogenates on the Panther Fusion System. Analytical sensitivity of the assay was 186 and 744 copies/PCR reaction for the ENV and NS1 targets, respectively. To assess the performance of this assay, a total of 80 mosquito pools were tested, including 60 previously tested pools and 20 spiked negative mosquito pools. Among the 60 previously tested specimens, the Panther Fusion WNV LDT demonstrated 100% positive and negative agreement with the CDC ...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - February 15, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Kajal M Patel Pushker Raj Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 16, Pages 286: Multiplex Serology for Sensitive and Specific Flavivirus IgG Detection: Addition of Envelope Protein Domain III to NS1 Increases Sensitivity for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG Detection
antal Reusken
Tick-borne encephalitis is a vaccine-preventable disease of concern for public health in large parts of Europe, with EU notification rates increasing since 2018. It is caused by the orthoflavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and a diagnosis of infection is mainly based on serology due to its short viremic phase, often before symptom onset. The interpretation of TBEV serology is hampered by a history of orthoflavivirus vaccination and by previous infections with related orthoflaviviruses. Here, we sought to improve TBEV sero-diagnostics using an antigen combination of in-house expressed NS1 and E...
Source: Viruses - February 13, 2024 Category: Virology Authors: Coralie Valle Sandhya Shrestha Gert-Jan Godeke Marieke N. Hoogerwerf Johan Reimerink Dirk Eggink Chantal Reusken Tags: Article Source Type: research
