A Large Study of Immune Aging in T Cell and Natural Killer Cell Populations
The overall population size of broad immune cell categories, such as T cells, remains remarkably consistent across a lifespan, even given a reduced supply of replacement T cells as the thymus atrophies and hematopoietic stem cell populations become dysfunctional. In an environment of limited supply, numbers are kept up in the face of continued attrition by increased replication, which leads to increased cellular senescence in immune cell populations as ever more cells hit the Hayflick limit. Another aspect of immune aging is a progressively larger shift in the relative count of different types of immune cell, such as dimin...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 30, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, August 28th 2023
In conclusion, we identified 20 genes with significant evolutionary signals unique to long-lived species, which provided new insight into the lifespan extension of mammals and might bring new strategies to extend human lifespan.
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Trials of Xenotransplantation of Pig Organs into Humans Continue
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/08/trials-of-xenotransplantation-of-pig-organs-into-humans-continue/
Researchers have genetically engineered pigs to overcome the known barriers to transplantation of pig organs into humans, and have reached the stage of conducting transplants i...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 27, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
A Gene Expression Signature of Brain Aging is Most Distinct in White Matter
Researchers here report on a measure of brain aging constructed from expression levels of a variety of genes, noting that it appears to show the greatest changes in white matter rather than grey matter. They use this measure to assess the results of interventions shown to slow aging in old mice, calorie restriction and plasma transfer from young mice, finding that these two treatments have quite different mechanistic outcomes in the brain, slowing brain aging in quite different ways. This suggests that (a) there are multiple ways to intervene, and (b) there are ways to improve on present capabilities.
Researchers ...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 25, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, August 21st 2023
This study aimed to investigate the association between frailty index and circulating CAP2 concentration in 467 community-dwelling older adults (median age: 79; range: 65-92 years). The selected robust regression model showed that circulating CAP2 concentration was not associated with chronological age, as well as sex and education. However, circulating CAP2 concentration was significantly and inversely associated with the frailty index: a 0.1-unit increase in frailty index leads to ~0.5-point mean decrease in CAP2 concentration. Furthermore, mean CAP2 concentration was significantly lower in frail participants (i.e., fr...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 21, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Disruption of Gene Expression Timing in Aged Muscle Regeneration
Many of the processes taking place during tissue growth and maintenance, such as the growth of blood vessels, require correct timing in changes of behavior in the participating cells. If that timing is off, the quality of the process suffers. Disruption of complex systems is a characteristic effect of degenerative aging, and researchers here measure that outcome in the context of muscle regeneration. The shifts in gene expression that occur in different cell populations during that process become misaligned, and thus regenerative capacity suffers. Similar issues are likely taking place at a smaller scale, but more widely d...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 21, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Treating a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Overly reactive, senescent, and otherwise inflammatory microglia in the brain are implicated in the development of neurodegenerative conditions. Chronic inflammation in brain tissue disrupts neural function in numerous ways. Thus why not clear or replace microglia? There are established ways to remove these cells, allowing them to regenerative over a few weeks, but these have not yet made their way to human trials for neurodegenerative conditions, despite interesting results in animal models. The replacement of microglia via transplantation of hematopoietic cells is at a similar stage, wherein there are interesting results...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 17, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, August 14th 2023
This study demonstrates just how vital the thymus is to maintaining adult health."
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Does Amyloid-β Aggregation Cause Broad Disruption of Proteostasis?
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/08/does-amyloid-%ce%b2-aggregation-cause-broad-disruption-of-proteostasis/
Researchers here speculate on the ability of insoluble amyloid-β aggregates to be broadly disruptive of the solubility of many other proteins, and thus disruptive to cell and tissue function. Is this important in aging? The evidence here shows the existence of the mechanism in a lower species, but that doesn't ...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 13, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Slowing Loss of Motor Function by Inhibiting VPS-34 in the Neuromuscular Junction
In this study, we designed a fast and efficient genome-wide screening assay in C. elegans to systematically identify potential regulators of motor aging. Among the top hits, we functionally validated the role of VPS-34 in regulating motor aging and revealed its cell type-specific mechanisms. VPS-34 is the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P), regulating motor function in aged but not young worms.
Contrary to popular belief that life span and health span are strongly correlated, the global increase of life expectancy over th...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 10, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, August 7th 2023
In conclusion, here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for ESC-EVs to protect cells from senescence. However, whether ESC-EVs rejuvenate aged mice via miR-15b-5p and miR-290a-5p remains unknown. Next, we plan to use miR-15b-5p and miR-290a-5p antagonists while treating aged mice with ESC-EVs to further investigate the mechanism by which ESC-EVs resist aging in vivo.
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Fatty Acid Metabolism as a Commonality in Different Approaches to Slowing Aging
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/08/fatty-acid-metabolism-as-a-commonality-in-different-approaches-to-slowing-aging/
It seem...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 6, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Extracellular Vesicles from Young Cardiac Progenitor Cells Produce Benefits in Old Mice
The signaling environment in the body is generated by cells, communication mediated by the molecules that cells release and take up, many of which are packaged into extracellular vesicles. This signaling changes profoundly between development and adult life, and then again in important ways with advancing age. In principle, providing aged tissues with the signals passed back and forth during embryonic development will spur greater maintenance and regeneration. In practice, tissues are systems of great and only partially understood complexity, and attempts to beneficially manipulate signaling in this way are still very much...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 4, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fatty Acid Metabolism as a Commonality in Different Approaches to Slowing Aging
In this study, we report systemic changes in the molecular regulation of biological processes under multiple lifespan-extending interventions, by jointly leveraging systems-level analyses on two mouse liver proteomic datasets, which were generated in the NIA Longevity Consortium, and a previously published mouse liver transcriptomic dataset. Differential Rank Conservation (DIRAC) analyses of mouse liver proteomics and transcriptomics data show that mechanistically distinct lifespan-extending interventions (acarbose, 17α-estradiol, rapamycin, and calorie restriction) generally tighten the regulation of biological modules. ...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 2, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
VEGF and Runx2 mRNA Delivered by Nanomicelle Accelerate Bone Regeneration
In this study, to produce additive angiogenic-osteogenic effects in the process of bone regeneration, VEGF and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), an essential transcription factor for osteogenic differentiation, were coadministered with messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to bone defects in the rat mandible.
The mRNAs were administered to a bone defect prepared in the rat mandible using our original cationic polymer-based carrier, the polyplex nanomicelle. The bone regeneration was evaluated by micro-computerized tomography (μCT) imaging, and histologic analyses.
Osteogenic markers such as osteocalcin (Ocn) and...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 2, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Extracellular Vesicles from Embryonic Stem Cells Reduce Cellular Senescence
In conclusion, here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for ESC-EVs to protect cells from senescence. However, whether ESC-EVs rejuvenate aged mice via miR-15b-5p and miR-290a-5p remains unknown. Next, we plan to use miR-15b-5p and miR-290a-5p antagonists while treating aged mice with ESC-EVs to further investigate the mechanism by which ESC-EVs resist aging in vivo. (Source: Fight Aging!)
Source: Fight Aging! - August 1, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, July 31st 2023
In conclusion, an SBP level below 130 mmHg was found to be associated with longevity among older women. The longer SBP was controlled at a level between 110 and 130 mmHg, the higher the survival probability to age 90. Preventing age-related rises in SBP and increasing the time with controlled BP levels constitute important measures for achieving longevity.
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Source: Fight Aging! - July 30, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Young Glial Progenitor Cells Outcompete Diseased Glial Cells in the Brain
Researchers here report on a demonstration of glial cell competition in the brain, conducted in mice but using human cells. The humanized mice started out with diseased glial cells possessing the mutation characteristic of Huntington's disease. Young human glial progenitor cells without the mutation were transplanted, and subsequently outcompeted the mutated cells, replacing them in the brain. This suggests that a similar strategy could work for a range of neurodegenerative conditions, one treatment to gradually replace problematic supporting cells in the brain. The regenerative medicine community is still struggling to ac...
Source: Fight Aging! - July 28, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
