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Drug: Insulin
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The three-dimensional structure of insulin and its receptor
Vitam Horm. 2023;123:151-185. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.12.001. Epub 2023 Jun 5.ABSTRACTInsulin is a peptide hormone essential for maintaining normal blood glucose levels. Individuals unable to secrete sufficient insulin or not able to respond properly to insulin develop diabetes. Since the discovery of insulin its structure and function has been intensively studied with the aim to develop effective diabetes treatments. The three-dimensional crystal structure of this 51 amino acid peptide paved the way for discoveries, outlined in this review, of determinants important for receptor binding and hormone stability that have bee...
Source: Vitamins and Hormones - September 17, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Briony E Forbes Source Type: research
Phagocytosis by macrophages promotes pancreatic β cell mass reduction after parturition in mice
Dev Cell. 2023 Aug 19:S1534-5807(23)00398-2. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTElucidating the mechanism(s) modulating appropriate tissue size is a critical biological issue. Pancreatic β cells increase during pregnancy via cellular proliferation, but how β cells promptly decrease to the original amount after parturition remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the role and mechanism of macrophage accumulation in this process. In the final stage of pregnancy, HTR1D signaling upregulates murine β cell CXCL10, thereby promoting macrophage accumulation in pancreatic islets via the CXCL10-CXCR3...
Source: Developmental Cell - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Akira Endo Junta Imai Tomohito Izumi Yohei Kawana Hiroto Sugawara Masato Kohata Junro Seike Haremaru Kubo Hiroshi Komamura Toshihiro Sato Yoichiro Asai Shinichiro Hosaka Shinjiro Kodama Kei Takahashi Keizo Kaneko Hideki Katagiri Source Type: research
Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 ameliorates insulin resistance by decreasing fat accumulation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice
Amino Acids. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s00726-023-03332-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAbnormal fat accumulation, enhanced free fatty acids (FFA) release, and their metabolites cause insulin resistance (IR) in major glucose-lipid metabolic organs such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, excessive lipolysis and FFA release from adipose tissue elevate plasma FFA levels leading to oxidative stress and skeletal muscle IR. Indeed, in obese individuals, there is enhanced pro-inflammatory secretion from adipose tissue influencing insulin signaling in skeletal muscles. Here, we investigated the effect of PSTi8 on FFA...
Source: Amino Acids - September 16, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Richa Garg Arun Agarwal Roshan Katekar Umesh Kumar Goand Naveen Singh Shubhi Yadav Shivam Rathaur Saurabh Verma Debalina Maity Sachin Vishwakarma Jiaur R Gayen Source Type: research
Phagocytosis by macrophages promotes pancreatic β cell mass reduction after parturition in mice
Dev Cell. 2023 Aug 19:S1534-5807(23)00398-2. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTElucidating the mechanism(s) modulating appropriate tissue size is a critical biological issue. Pancreatic β cells increase during pregnancy via cellular proliferation, but how β cells promptly decrease to the original amount after parturition remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the role and mechanism of macrophage accumulation in this process. In the final stage of pregnancy, HTR1D signaling upregulates murine β cell CXCL10, thereby promoting macrophage accumulation in pancreatic islets via the CXCL10-CXCR3...
Source: Developmental Cell - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Akira Endo Junta Imai Tomohito Izumi Yohei Kawana Hiroto Sugawara Masato Kohata Junro Seike Haremaru Kubo Hiroshi Komamura Toshihiro Sato Yoichiro Asai Shinichiro Hosaka Shinjiro Kodama Kei Takahashi Keizo Kaneko Hideki Katagiri Source Type: research
Effects of in vitro fermentation of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. polysaccharide on fecal microbiota and metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
This study has laid a theoretical foundation for AKP application in functional foods.PMID:37716665 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126860
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 16, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xin Zhang Qian Ma Lina Jia Hongpeng He Tongcun Zhang Weiguo Jia Liying Zhu Wei Qi Nan Wang Source Type: research
Plant-derived cell-penetrating microprotein α-astratide aM1 targets Akt signaling and alleviates insulin resistance
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 Sep 16;80(10):293. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04937-y.ABSTRACTInsulin-resistant diabetes is a common metabolic disease with serious complications. Treatments directly addressing the underlying molecular mechanisms involving insulin resistance would be desirable. Our laboratory recently identified a proteolytic-resistant cystine-dense microprotein from huáng qí (Astragalus membranaceus) called α-astratide aM1, which shares high sequence homology to leginsulins. Here we show that aM1 is a cell-penetrating insulin mimetic, enters cells by endocytosis, and activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway indepe...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Bamaprasad Dutta Shining Loo Antony Kam James P Tam Source Type: research
Safety of antenatal predniso(lo)ne and dexamethasone on fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes: a systematic review
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited evidence found in this systematic review, predniso(lo)ne may have less side-effects compared to dexamethasone in short- and long-term outcomes. Current literature shows minimal risk of side-effects in the newborn by administration of a prenatal predniso(lo)ne dose of up to 10 mg per day.PMID:37715964 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgad547
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 16, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Elise M A Slob Jacqueline U M Termote Janna W Nijkamp Hetty J Van der Kamp Erica L T van den Akker Source Type: research
Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 ameliorates insulin resistance by decreasing fat accumulation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice
Amino Acids. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1007/s00726-023-03332-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAbnormal fat accumulation, enhanced free fatty acids (FFA) release, and their metabolites cause insulin resistance (IR) in major glucose-lipid metabolic organs such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, excessive lipolysis and FFA release from adipose tissue elevate plasma FFA levels leading to oxidative stress and skeletal muscle IR. Indeed, in obese individuals, there is enhanced pro-inflammatory secretion from adipose tissue influencing insulin signaling in skeletal muscles. Here, we investigated the effect of PSTi8 on FFA...
Source: Amino Acids - September 16, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Richa Garg Arun Agarwal Roshan Katekar Umesh Kumar Goand Naveen Singh Shubhi Yadav Shivam Rathaur Saurabh Verma Debalina Maity Sachin Vishwakarma Jiaur R Gayen Source Type: research
The role of macrophages in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its typical pathological features: A narrative review
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Sep 14;167:115470. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115470. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age, with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) as the clinical features. Androgen excess, insulin resistance, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, ovulatory dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis are the main pathological features and pathogenesis of PCOS and are related to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and chronic ovarian tissue inflammation in PC...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - September 16, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yuanyuan Feng Zhijing Tang Wei Zhang Source Type: research
Safety of antenatal predniso(lo)ne and dexamethasone on fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes: a systematic review
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the limited evidence found in this systematic review, predniso(lo)ne may have less side-effects compared to dexamethasone in short- and long-term outcomes. Current literature shows minimal risk of side-effects in the newborn by administration of a prenatal predniso(lo)ne dose of up to 10 mg per day.PMID:37715964 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgad547
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 16, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Elise M A Slob Jacqueline U M Termote Janna W Nijkamp Hetty J Van der Kamp Erica L T van den Akker Source Type: research
Microvascular smooth muscle cells exhibit divergent phenotypic switching responses to platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1
CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that PDGF-BB and IGF-1 stimulate different types of microvascular VSMC phenotypic switching characterized by different modes of cell migration. Our studies are consistent with a chronic vasoprotective role for IGF-1 in VSMCs in the microvasculature while PDGF is more involved in VSMC proliferation and migration in response to acute activities such as neovascularization. Better understanding of the nuances of the phenotypic switching induced by these growth factors is important for our understanding of a variety of microvascular diseases.PMID:37716411 | DOI:10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104609
Source: Cell Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Marisa A Bickel David M Sherry Elizabeth C Bullen Michaela L Vance Ken L Jones Eric W Howard Shannon M Conley Source Type: research
The role of macrophages in polycystic ovarian syndrome and its typical pathological features: A narrative review
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Sep 14;167:115470. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115470. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age, with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) as the clinical features. Androgen excess, insulin resistance, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, ovulatory dysfunction, and gut microbiota dysbiosis are the main pathological features and pathogenesis of PCOS and are related to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and chronic ovarian tissue inflammation in PC...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - September 16, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yuanyuan Feng Zhijing Tang Wei Zhang Source Type: research
Microvascular smooth muscle cells exhibit divergent phenotypic switching responses to platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1
CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that PDGF-BB and IGF-1 stimulate different types of microvascular VSMC phenotypic switching characterized by different modes of cell migration. Our studies are consistent with a chronic vasoprotective role for IGF-1 in VSMCs in the microvasculature while PDGF is more involved in VSMC proliferation and migration in response to acute activities such as neovascularization. Better understanding of the nuances of the phenotypic switching induced by these growth factors is important for our understanding of a variety of microvascular diseases.PMID:37716411 | DOI:10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104609
Source: Cell Research - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Marisa A Bickel David M Sherry Elizabeth C Bullen Michaela L Vance Ken L Jones Eric W Howard Shannon M Conley Source Type: research
Plant-derived cell-penetrating microprotein α-astratide aM1 targets Akt signaling and alleviates insulin resistance
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 Sep 16;80(10):293. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04937-y.ABSTRACTInsulin-resistant diabetes is a common metabolic disease with serious complications. Treatments directly addressing the underlying molecular mechanisms involving insulin resistance would be desirable. Our laboratory recently identified a proteolytic-resistant cystine-dense microprotein from huáng qí (Astragalus membranaceus) called α-astratide aM1, which shares high sequence homology to leginsulins. Here we show that aM1 is a cell-penetrating insulin mimetic, enters cells by endocytosis, and activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway indepe...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - September 16, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Bamaprasad Dutta Shining Loo Antony Kam James P Tam Source Type: research
