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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: ALS

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Total 158 results found since Jan 2013.

Comparison of Premortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Postmortem Autopsy Findings of a Cortical Microinfarct
An 85-year-old woman diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis died of pneumonia and was autopsied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 16days before death revealed an intracortical high-intensity lesion in her right temporal cortex on three-dimensional (3D)-double inversion recovery (DIR) and 3D-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Histopathological examination indicated a cortical microinfarct (CMI) juxtaposed to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Recently, in vivo detection of CMIs using 3D-DIR and 3D-FLAIR on 3-tesla MRI has been reported, and postmortem MRI study confirmed the presence of CMIs.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - July 2, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Hidehiro Ishikawa, Yuichiro Ii, Atsushi Niwa, Akihiro Shindo, Ai Ito, Keita Matsuura, Ryogen Sasaki, Kenichiro Uno, Masayuki Maeda, Hidekazu Tomimoto Source Type: research

Raloxifene, a promising estrogen replacement, limits TDP-25 cell death by enhancing autophagy and suppressing apoptosis.
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, and at present, therapies for ALS are limited. Estrogen is a potential therapeutic agent for ALS but has undesirable effects that might increase the risk of breast and uterine cancers or stroke. Raloxifene (Ral) has estrogenic properties but does not exhibit these adverse effects. However, the mechanism of Ral in ALS has not been studied. We thus investigated the effects of Ral in an NSC34 model of ALS that stably expresses the 25-kDa C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 (i.e., TDP-25 cells) and found that GPR30 (G protein-coup...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - May 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhou F, Dong H, Liu Y, Yan L, Sun C, Hao P, Liu Y, Zhai J, Liu Y Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

The Primitive Palmomental Reflex in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Conclusion: We demonstrate a higher frequency of the PMR in ALS patients compared to NC or HC. Its expression increases with age, being higher in bulbar-onset patients. Given that the reflex circuit is located in the brain stem, its release due to inhibition might be associated to the presence of a cortico-bulbar tract dysfunction in ALS.Eur Neurol 2018;79:187 –191
Source: European Neurology - March 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological diseases and risk of suicide attempt: a case –control study
ConclusionNine out of ten chronic neurological diseases were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt. These data must be considered for clinicians treating this vulnerable group of patients.
Source: Journal of Neurology - March 21, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Current Clinical Applications of Diffusion-Tensor Imaging in Neurological Disorders.
Authors: Tae WS, Ham BJ, Pyun SB, Kang SH, Kim BJ Abstract Diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive medical imaging tool used to investigate the structure of white matter. The signal contrast in DTI is generated by differences in the Brownian motion of the water molecules in brain tissue. Postprocessed DTI scalars can be used to evaluate changes in the brain tissue caused by disease, disease progression, and treatment responses, which has led to an enormous amount of interest in DTI in clinical research. This review article provides insights into DTI scalars and the biological background of DTI as a relative...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurology - March 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: J Clin Neurol Source Type: research

Degeneration of serotonin neurons triggers spasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Annals of Neurology - August 30, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Hajer El Oussini, Jelena Scekic ‐Zahirovic, Pauline Vercruysse, Christine Marques, Sylvie Dirrig‐Grosch, Stéphane Dieterlé, Gina Picchiarelli, Jérôme Sinniger, Caroline Rouaux, Luc Dupuis Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A multifaceted cytokine implicated in multiple neurological diseases.
Abstract Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a conserved cytokine found as a homotrimer protein. It is found in a wide spectrum of cell types in the body including neuronal and non-neuronal cells. MIF is implicated in several biological processes; chemo-attraction, cytokine activity, and receptor binding, among other functions. More recently, a chaperone-like activity has been added to its repertoire. In this review, we focus on the implication of MIF in the central nervous system and peripheries, its role in neurological disorders, and the mechanisms by which MIF is regulated. Numerous studies have as...
Source: Experimental Neurology - July 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Leyton-Jaimes MF, Kahn J, Israelson A Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Tale of the Good and the Bad Cdk5: Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton in the Brain
AbstractCdk5 kinase, a cyclin-dependent kinase family member, is a key regulator of cytoskeletal remodeling in the brain. Cdk5 is essential for brain development during embryogenesis. After birth, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes such as learning and memory formation, drug addiction, pain signaling, and long-term behavior changes, all of which rely on rapid alterations in the cytoskeleton. Cdk5 activity is deregulated in various brain disorders including Alzheimer ’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke, resulting in profound remodeling of the neuronal cytoskel...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 13, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Edaravone (MCI-186) for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A Posthoc Analysis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) by Domain and Individual Items (P3.130)
Conclusions:A generally favorable descriptive effect for edaravone was observed during posthoc assessment of the ALSFRS-R by domain and individual items.Study Supported by: MTPC was responsible for funding and conduct of the study. MTDA was responsible for executing this analysis.Disclosure: Dr. Palumbo has received personal compensation for activities with Mitsubishi Tanabe as an employee. Dr. Palumbo holds stock options in Actelion Clinical Research, Inc., in which his spouse is a full-time pharmaceutical researcher and receives stock options as partial compensation for work performed. Dr. Takei has received personal com...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Palumbo, J. M., Takei, K., Tsuda, K., Liu, S. Tags: Neuromuscular and Clinical Neurophysiology (EMG): Motor Neuron Disease I Source Type: research

Cumulative Distribution of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale- Revised (ALSFRS-R) Scores in a Phase 3 Study of Edaravone (MCI-186) for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A Posthoc Assessment (P5.110)
Conclusions:Demonstration of median shift and proportion of patients with no decline in ALSFRS-R, and those whose change in ALSFRS-R was limited to ≤2 points during 24 weeks of treatment, may appear to provide supporting evidence for the efficacy of edaravone over placebo.Study Supported by: MTPC was responsible for funding and conduct of the study. MTDA was responsible for executing this analysis.Disclosure: Dr. Takei has received personal compensation for activities with Mitsubishi Tanabe as an employee. Dr. Palumbo has received personal compensation for activities with Mitsubishi Tanabe as an employee. Dr. Palumbo ho...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Takei, K., Palumbo, J. M., Tsuda, K., Liu, S. Tags: Neuromuscular and Clinical Neurophysiology (EMG) Poster Discussion Session Source Type: research

Sexuality and disability, a poorly studied relationship in neurology (P2.199)
Conclusions:Sexual dysfunction was more frequent in patients with chronic neurological diseases. We found a statistically significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and disability. For overall sexual function, the results indicate that women had lower rates of sexual performance for the same degree of disability than menDisclosure: Dr. Nasimbera has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rosales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Quarrachino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rodriquez has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Nasimbera, A., Rosales, J., Silva, B., Alonso, R., Bohorquez, N., Lepera, S., Garreto, N., Tomoko, A., Garcea, O., Raul, R., Quarrachino, C., Rodriquez, G. Tags: General Neurology: Practice Improvement and Novel Approaches to Care Source Type: research

The role of aquaporin-4 in synaptic plasticity, memory and disease.
Abstract Since the discovery of aquaporins, it has become clear that the various mammalian aquaporins play critical physiological roles in water and ion balance in multiple tissues. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the principal aquaporin expressed in the central nervous system (CNS, brain and spinal cord), has been shown to mediate CNS water homeostasis. In this review, we summarize new and exciting studies indicating that AQP4 also plays critical and unanticipated roles in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Next, we consider the role of AQP4 in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - March 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Hubbard JA, Szu JI, Binder DK Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Tauopathies - focus on changes at the neurovascular unit.
Abstract In the past, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) had been characterized mainly as a layer of endothelial cells forming the vessel/capillary wall of the brain. More recently, the BBB is considered to be a part of a highly dynamic and interactive system called the neurovascular unit (NVU), consisting of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. The list of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies involving BBB dysfunction is rapidly growing. The opening of the BBB and subsequent infiltration of serum components to the brain can lead to host of processes resulting in progressive synaptic and neuronal dysfunction a...
Source: Current Alzheimer Research - February 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Michalicova A, Banks WA, Legath J, Kovac A Tags: Curr Alzheimer Res Source Type: research

PRISM II: an open-label study to assess effectiveness of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in patients with dementia, stroke or traumatic brain injury
Phase 3 trials supporting dextromethorphan/quinidine (DM/Q) use as a treatment for pseudobulbar affect (PBA) were conducted in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or multiple sclerosis (MS). The ...
Source: BMC Neurology - June 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Flora M. Hammond, David N. Alexander, Andrew J. Cutler, Stephen D’Amico, Rachelle S. Doody, William Sauve, Richard D. Zorowitz, Charles S. Davis, Paul Shin, Fred Ledon, Charles Yonan, Andrea E. Formella and Joao Siffert Source Type: research

Parakinesia Brachialis Oscitans after an Acute Internal Capsule Infarct (P1.014)
Conclusions:Involuntary stereotyped movements of an otherwise plegic arm while yawning was first observed in 1844 and coined "parakinesia brachialis oscitans" in 2010. The term parakinesia was used to differentiate the movements from synkinesia. The causes are diverse and include ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, pontine tuberculoma, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ischemic strokes are most often implicated and typically involve a lenticulostriate branch of the middle cerebral artery. Lesions affecting the pyramidal tracts are the common denominator. The phenomenon may be observed acutely when the limb is flaccid or mont...
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Koo, B., Wang, E. Tags: Movement Disorders ePoster Session Source Type: research